Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay

The education of students who have emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, health impairments, or traumatic brain injuries can be a difficult and challenging task if proper teaching strategies are not put in place. It is also important to for these students to gain self-advocacy skills and for teachers to teach the other students understanding, respect, and how to respond appropriately to the students with disabilities in their class. Another important aspect of the education of special needs students is an individual education plan (IEP). It is important to understand each individual disability before a teacher can properly determine the best teaching strategies. The education of students with emotional behavioral disorders is interfered because of an inability to build and maintain relationships with peers or teachers, an inability to learn, exhibiting inappropriate behavior and feelings, constant unhappiness or depression, and unreasonable fears about school (Clayton County Schools Special Education Department, 2012). Emotional behavior disorders in children are caused by environment, heredity, or both (Anjeh, D. , 2007). The education of students with physical disabilities is also more difficult. Physical disabilities are broad categories that include many conditions such as muscular dystrophy, missing limbs, spina-bifida, and cerebral palsy. There are many different causes of physical disabilities. Physical disabilities make it hard for children to more around and to control their voluntary motor movements (Anjeh, D. , 2007). Health impairments also cause issues related to a student’s education. Health impairments can limit a student’s alertness, vitality, and strength. Often health impairments cause a student to have extended absences, inability to attend a full academic schedule and/or inability to attend to tasks for the same length of time as peers (Clayton County Schools Special Education Department, 2012) A traumatic brain injury can also affect a student’s educational performance. A traumatic brain injury is an injury to the brain caused by an external physical force. These types of injuries can cause impairments of judgment, problem solving, sensory, motor ability, memory, cognition, thinking, physical functions, and speech (National Association of Special Education Teachers, 2006/2007). The most common cause of traumatic brain injuries are caused by motor vehicle or bicycle accidents. Other causes include being shaken, falling, sports related injuries, and gunshots. Traumatic brain injuries can cause physical, cognitive, and/or psychosocial-behavioral/emotional impairments (Anjeh, D. , 2007). Teachers can try many different strategies to help students with the above disabilities. These strategies are often beneficial for the regular student as well. Lash (2000) suggests that to help a student to concentrate better or pay attention a teacher can reduce distractions in the work area of a student, divide the student’s work into smaller sections, having students summarize the teacher’s instruction, and using verbal or non-verbal cues. Because short term memory is often affected by a traumatic brain injury a teacher can repeat or summarize the information needed frequently. The teacher can also encourage the student to use note cards, calendars, or planners. The use of mnemonics may also be helpful to the student. A teacher could provide students with traumatic brain injuries additional time, checklists, schedules, outlines, and other organizational materials. When teaching students with emotional and behavioral disorders the teacher must remain sensitive to these student’s issues. First the teacher must identify the behavior and its cause. Lewis, Heflin, & DiGangi (1991) found that the best approach is to pinpoint the specific behavioral problem and apply data-based instruction for remediation. Remediation should include encouraging new behavior in place of the bad behavior and using positive reinforcement (Algozine, Ruhl, & Ramsey, 1991). Extra training in social skills is also important. Teaching strategies for the physically impairment deal with the provision of certain accommodations and making learning as well as the learning environment accessible. Some strategies include giving the student extra time, reducing the amount of furniture in a classroom, and training staff on the health care needs of the student. The removal of physical barriers, elimination of social barriers, participation in extracurricular activities, inclusion in sports and leisure time activities are all strategies teachers can use with students with disabilities. Some students may require many visuals while other may require added audio. To improve a disabled students self-esteem and self-advocacy the student should be allowed to assume responsibility for their own learning which will improve their self-concept, feeling of belonging to the school, and success at school. A focus should be placed on teaching the student the skills necessary for taking responsibility and showing initiative in making decisions about their own instruction. It is also important for the teacher to help the disabled student’s peers to understand, accept, and include their peers with disabilities (CSWD, 2002). Inclusive classrooms can be helpful because they enable disabled and nondisabled students to discover the similarities they share and to accept each other’s unique traits that they have (Kliff & Kunc, 1994). As school communities become increasingly diverse, it is more important than ever that teachers, administrators, parents, and students work together to create a tolerant school climate where each student feels safe and valued. IEP meetings are an important part of a disabled student’s educational process. Present at the meeting were the student’s father, the special educational teacher, and a member of the staff that is responsible for any financial related issues that may come into play. The meeting began with a brief introduction and signing of an intake sheet. The special education teacher reviewed the child’s present academic levels and discussed reading comprehension and fluency improvements. A copy of all testing scores was provided to those present. The father discussed worries that his child is shy and the need for social skill training. Moving the child to an inclusive classroom was discussed but it was decided to wait for this transition for the beginning of the next school year due to the child’s need for routines. Lastly it was determined there would be a short meeting scheduled for the end of the school year to determine classroom placement for the following school year.

Controlling Chaos

Eric Santana Controlling Chaos There is a common understanding that growth in any aspect of the economy is a grand concept. However, when growth begins to start spreading out in such a manner that it becomes uncontrollable, there is an inherent issue. Such is the case in David Carle’s essay â€Å"Sprawling Gridlock†. Carle mentions several pervading issues and problems with the rapid growth and spread of Southern California, and outlines measures taken against the expansion.Carle’s resolve and purpose of this essay is to describe and illustrate the issue of the uncontrolled spread of urbanization, and the relation of this rapid growth to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Carle outlines rapid, spread out growth for problems such as traffic congestion, land developers putting pressure on land owners, and the accountability of citizens, businesses, and developers in financing the repairs to this damaged infrastructure.According to Carle, the traffic congestion that was consuming Southern California through the 1990’s was becoming a nightmare that threatened the livelihood of all of its participants. â€Å"Road Rage† was born and was the result of creeping, gridlocked freeways that frustrated commuters spent hours in getting from point A to point B. The spread, development, construction, and growth of urbanized communities along these freeways compounded and multiplied the severity of these congested motorways. This was costing two billion dollars in wasted time and petrol.The correlation between these motorways and the urbanized spread began in the early 1900’s. Back then, the Pacific Electric trolley cars carried more than one hundred million passengers over around one thousand miles of track. The independence an automobile represented appealed to citizens and soon changed the way they commute from â€Å"mass-transit† to â€Å"rapid-transit†. This change begun with the construction of the Arroyo Seco P arkway in 1940 (the first motorway opened in California and connected Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena).Through 1996, California became paved with over one hundred seventy thousand miles worth of roads. However, the rapid growth and urbanized spread of Southern California did not construct fast enough to keep up with the growing mass of commuters. Solutions such as freeway widening created construction that worsened gridlock initially, created improved congestion once completed, and created a new gridlock after a couple years of growth catching up to transit. This inefficiency and spread gridlock of the Southern California motorways had an unprecedented effect on the quality of life of its citizens.Not only were the half-million hours they spent every day in their commutes having a fiscal effect, but a psychological effect as well. Not only was this evident in the increased number (and methods) of road rage incidents, but also in the manner that the time spent in traffic denied th em their personal independence. The countless hours citizens spent sitting or crawling in traffic made them feel trapped as though they were entirely limited of all ability to control their journey; the very concept that attracted Southern Californians away from timetabled mass-transit, to the complete freedom of the automobile.This growth and spread of urbanized Southern California did not only effect the commutes of their citizens, but it also effected the development pressures of their land. One of the largest population growths of Los Angeles occurred between 1970 to 1990. The forty-five percent increase in population correlated into a three hundred percent increase in developed land area. This increase of population, innovations of the motor ways, the State Water Project, and air conditioning gave birth to fastest growing cities in California (the cities on the outskirts of the Greater Los Angeles area).The spike in the population of these cities created increased pressures on land owners by land developers. The uncontrolled growth and spread of urbanization lead to estates and lands being bought out and developed. The psychological pressures and aesthetic discrepancies these land developers were created had a profound effect on the quality of life of citizens. The example Carle uses to describe the detriment on the quality of life of citizens by developers is the Warne family. The Warne family had owned orange groves on their (undeveloped) land since the 1960’s.After the passing of Henry and Ellen Warne, land developers began placing severe pressures on the descendants of the family. Land developers were already constructing â€Å"planned residential communities† outside their ranch, and were doing everything they could to purchase the last bit of land from the Warne descendants. To compound the pressures they were already facing, estate taxes were to be due that would require the descendants to pay fifty-five percent of the estates total v alue. These state taxes and land development pressures led to several farmers and land-owners having to sell their land (that soon became more developed urbanized â€Å"sprawl†). Although the Warne’s eventually were not forced to have their precious orange groves destroyed and developed, nine acres of land they owned and designated as strawberry fields were completely eradicated by developers. The method in which this land was zoned by the city created a value surpassing millions of dollars, and allowed their estate tax debts to be paid.This example illustrates an extraordinary effect on the quality of life that uncontrolled spread of urbanization manifested. The pressures by land developers and estate taxes not only lowered the quality of life for the land owner, but also for the citizens stuck in gridlock and all urbanized Southern California. The urbanized sprawl and planned residential communities replaced the open space and farmland. In the extreme developed sprea d and gridlock, those large open spaces were like sanctuaries to the urbanized mind.The effect this had on the quality of life was that uncontrolled urbanization was everywhere, and was inescapable. Aesthetically pleasing views of natural land became no longer present in the communities of Southern California, and created a psychological void of â€Å"nature† in the urbanized mind of its citizens. Beyond the physical appeal and traffic congestion, the sprawl was having a negative effect upon air pollution and endangered species as well. Finally, coalitions began deciding that developers, businesses, and citizens must start being accountable in financing repairs to this damaged infrastructure.After California was declared the most urbanized state in the nation, the publication of Beyond Sprawl: New Patterns of Growth to Fit the New California was released in 1995. In this publication, there was a call to arms for â€Å"smarter growth† in developing areas and communities . It also called for the redevelopment of some already developed business and residential districts as well as encourages high-density inhabitance. Beyond Sprawl illustrated that the expenses of public services and infrastructure are hardly ever paid by development profits or taxes incurred to new businesses and residents.This meant that all development that spread out around Southern California had to start financing the marginal costs imposed in the area. The publication figured schools, sewage systems, transportation facilities, water systems and other municipal systems into the equation of calculating infrastructure costs. The total cost of infrastructure repair according to Beyond Sprawl was $24,500 for each new single-family residence; an unrealistic solution to solving the urbanized problems.Accordingly, accumulating additional tax payers to pay into the subsidy pool was the only logistic method of sustaining the subsidization of infrastructure repair and growth. The effect t his would have on the quality of life of individuals in a community would mean less encouragement to engage in government planning and decision making processes due to the distribution of costs. This publication eventually led up to the 1987 growth control initiative on the Orange County ballot.This initiative was forged by citizens to put limits and control on urbanized growth, but was defeated when special interests opposition spent 2. 5 million dollars to defeat the campaign. The effect this had on the quality of life was quite negative because no growth controls were able to get implemented, and nobody could be accountable for financing infrastructure repairs and growth. The effects of the uncontrolled growth and urbanized spread of Southern California are greatly impacted upon its inhabitants.They range from unbearable traffic congestion (wasted time, money, and freedom), to total loss of any natural scenery (open space and farmland destroyed for development). From the species of animals that have become endangered do to these developments, to the pressures of special interest developers upon honest, hard-working land owners. All of these effects have greatly deteriorated and relinquished the quality of life that the citizens of Southern California once moved here to attain. A literal sprawling gridlock has a substantial effect on all aspects of urbanized life.From birth to adolescence, adolescence to adulthood, and adulthood to an elderly age, the urbanized spread influences all aspects of life. During adolescence, an individual growing up in a sprawling gridlock is influenced by the distance and time they must travel to do necessary activities (such as education, recreation, medical attention etc. ). The individual is influenced by the travel they must complete to achieve their tasks. When in route, they do not see open spaced, natural land. They see miles upon miles of pavement and urbanization. This may have a detrimental ffect upon their psyche as th eir minds process the artificial scenery of sprawled gridlock. This urbanized spread influences raising a family by limiting the number of activities a family may do. Due to the incredible gridlock that congested freeways create, families have less opportunity to go new places and do new things. This creates a barrier between families and the outside world. Without the ability to have leisurely outings as a family, the quality of life for that family is dramatically less than that of a family living outside of the urbanized sprawl.Likewise in building a community, the sprawled gridlock limits the possibilities in having a thriving, happy community. Without the ability or land to build and maintain parks, a community is nothing more than a large spread of houses. There is no way for a community to assemble or have recreational activities in the wake of these negative effects. Land developers and sprawling gridlock completely consumed everything, and left nothing more for communities to share. This extremely hinders the building of a happy community.Overall the sprawling gridlock is a complete determent and contradiction to a high quality life of its inhabitants. One may not be able to engage in complete personal freedom and independence if one is caught living in â€Å"the sprawl†. From the congested freeways to the concrete jungle, one cannot escape from the effects of rapid urbanization. The relationship between unregulated urbanized growth and the quality of the life for its inhabitants is a sprawled gridlock indeed.

MGMT 3000 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT 3000 - Term Paper Example It is in 1974 that the term burnout was first coined, Herbert Freudenberger being the man behind its invention. Tracy 2000 in her research defined organizational burnout as the alienation and general wearing out from work related pressures (Maslach, Leiter & Schaufeli 394) . Several theories have been postulated by many a psychologist in an attempt to explain burnout and its effects. The level of one’s burnout is a direct influence of the way stress is processed by an individual. It is also noted that an individual may be experiencing a few stressors yet he/she may not be able to process the stresses which eventually results in burnout. On the other hand, another individual may be subjected to numerous stressors all of which he/she may well process and therefore not experience burnout. There are a number of tests that one can be subjected to determine if a person will or is experience burnout according to Dierendonck, Schaufeli and Buunk (395). Indeed many psychologists admit that burnout is greatly related to work although it can also result from certain personality traits (such as being perfectionist) and lifestyles (Maslach, Leiter & Schaufeli 401). The way a person spends his/her downtime and their perspective of the world can for example can lead to burnout at work or at home. Some of the main causes of burnout include long working hours and continual surveillance from peers, customers and superiors especially at work, overly demanding expectations at work, doing work that lacks challenge or is monotonous, having no control over work and working under intense pressures. Having less sleep, lack of supportive relationships, having too many responsibilities and overworking are some of the lifestyles that could cause burnout. In general, it is noted that at work, the condition leads to low performance and output while it can also affect one’s health as it increases the chances

Johanne strauss (younger) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Johanne strauss (younger) - Research Paper Example On noticing that the Younger was learning how to play a violin, the father whipped the young boy ostensibly to remove the music out of him. Later, his father abandoned the family for another woman giving him the chance to develop his talent as a composer. With the help of his mother, Strauss II studied counterpoint and harmony under the tutelage of Professor Joachim Hoffmann. He exercised harmony under the direction of Joseph Drechsler, a composer. In 1844, Strauss II composed the gradiuale, Tu qui regis totum orbem (Gartenberg, 1972). During his training, his teachers wrote positive testimonials of the young Strauss, including Anton Kollmann. With the skills he had learnt and the testimonials he had received from his very able teachers, the Younger applied for a licence to perform from the authorities in Vienna. His first team of band men were drawn from the Zur Stadt Belgrad tavern – an easy target for aspiring musicians seeking work. Owing to his father’s influence in the local entertainment industry in Vienna, many people were reluctant to offer the Younger a chance to perform at their venues, knowing that the older Strauss was against his son’s pursuit of a carrier in music. The Younger luckily managed to convince the Dommayers Casino in Hietzing to allow his show his talent some time in 1844 (Gartenberg, 1972). This move so angered the older Strauss that he vowed never again to perform in the casino. At the casino, the Younger played his first compositions including Gunstwerber, Op.  4, and Herzenslust, Op.  3 (Gà ¤nzl 2001). The public was awed by the Young’s performance even as critics and the media poured praise upon his head. Although beginning a career in music proved difficult at first, the Younger Strauss charted the murky waters to become a great success. He accepted commissions to perform at entertainment joints away from where he

International Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The investment fund is in a continuous recruitment process, especially in Africa. 1.3 Industry Sector the industry served by the company is financial services. The investment fund is involved in financing and advising of the smaller and less privileged business in the rural parts of Latin America and Africa (Root Capital, 2013c). The objective of the investment fund in to increase rural prosperity and decrease environmental vulnerability within small and medium businesses (Root Capital, 2013b). Offerings The company is involved in increasing its environmental and social impact with the help of three step strategy. These include financing, advising and catalyzing Financing- this involves providing leans to the small and medium business in rural and poor sections of various countries. Presently Root Capital operated in Africa and Latin America. The company is involved in both long term and short term financing of loans. Through lending, a support system is provided to the rural ecosyst em. Advising- the investment fund is involved in providing financial training to prospective clients as well as current clients. The objective of providing management training in finance is to make these clients capable of establishing and maintaining business. The service products in financial advisory include information seminars, diagnostic workshops, and financial training and preparation services for loan application Catalyze- root capital aims to create a financial market in which the underprivileged and vulnerable classes of business are provided with full potential and expertise so they are able to thrive in this competitive market and make a mark for themselves. The catalyze strategy for Root Capital is to innovate and accelerate. 1.4 Main market (Domestic/ International) Root capital is majorly involved in international market. Majority of its operational revenue come from Latin America and Africa. The target clients of Root Capital are small and medium businesses in rural areas. During the early days, majority of the clients were from agricultural background. Later on, the company started providing loans to coffee products and small trading companies. 1.5 B2B/B2C Root Capital falls in business to business category where small and medium businesses from rural parts of Latin America and Africa are its customers. Demographic Profile of the entrepreneur REF DESCRIPTION RESPONSE 2.1 Age, Gender, education, marital status etc. William Fulbright Foote popularly known as Willy Foote is the founder and current Chief Executive Officer of Root Capital. Willy is 43 years old and married to Virginia Foote. His present home address is Greater Boston. Willy completed his bachelors from Yale University in the year 1990. He then went on to pursue his masters in development economics from the London School of Economics 2.2 Prior Work Experience He stated his carrier working with Latin American Corporate Finance (LACF) as a financial analyst. After leaving Wall Street , Willy started working as a business journalist in Mexico. This was the time when he was confronted with the challenges of the small and medium businesses of the rural areas and the disadvantages they were facing. 2.3 Personal interest, special training Willy Foote completed his specialist training at the Aspen Institute in the year 2012. He attended the Henry Crown Fellowship Class. Apart from work, he likes to spend his time with family.

Human Resource Management Relations and Rewards Essay

Human Resource Management Relations and Rewards - Essay Example â€Å"Grievances are best dealt with at an early stage, informally, with the immediate line manager. However, organizations should have formal procedures in place to handle cases left unresolved. Having formal grievance procedures in place allows employers to give reasonable consideration to any issues which can't be resolved informally and to deal with them fairly and consistently†. The problems are solved in the grievance hearing meeting. The line manager will hear the complaint of the employee first and then it is taken a open discussion by the group about the issues. Disciplinary cases include poor performance or misconduct by the employee during his work .If an employee’s performance does not meet the set standards, the employer has to improve the performance through informal discussion with the employee. But if the employee continues his poor performance, the employer has to take disciplinary actions against him. Basic useful direction is given in the Acas Code of Practice on Grievance and Discipline issues. It provides a detailed guidance and advice for the employers and employees which will be useful to them in their current and future career. This code is adopted to help the employer and employee to handle the disciplinary and grievance issues in the working environment. â€Å"If the employer decides to a take disciplinary action or dismiss the employee, they should follow the procedures which are laid out in the Acas Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures†.

The Controversy of Ordination of Bill Johnson Essay

The Controversy of Ordination of Bill Johnson - Essay Example In my opinion, an ordination of Bill Johnson was controversial due to his open acknowledgment of the gay in the society despite his position in the church. During this time, the gay persons experienced utter marginalization because of lacking any acceptance in society. The gay was struggling for acceptance even in religious places like the church. A large number of gay individuals that come up during the gay parade was also controversial. This parade takes place in a church compound, a place that signifies purity and holiness. Another controversial feature evident during the ordination of Billy Johnson is the support by different seminary groups that he has served for twenty-five years drawing their reference from the birth of gay rights that occurred in the 1960s – 1970s (Gaustad & Schmidt 398). The youth groups of that particular church express their support by attending Billy’s ordination. To my opinion, this is an indication of the transformation of religion under influence of the young persons. Acceptance of homosexuality is driven by two factors, the religion, and young individuals. I feel that the young individuals are seeking for recognition despite the opposition they face in society. In addition, the young individuals represent other marginalized individuals that have no support to champion their acknowledgment. The church offers a suitable medium that shows expression of the marginalized in society. I feel that the acknowledgment of the gay persons pioneered by Bill Johnson is important to show the liberal nature of the church. Despite opposition from other institutions to recognize the gay individuals, the church under the influence of Bill Johnson expresses recognition of the gay to show that the church is not bound to any form of discrimination.

Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal Assignment

Not All Companies Are Viewed as Equal - Assignment Example Various significant aspects including the role play by capitalism in corporate decision making, detailed analysis of a selected business situation and the execution of certain effective theories will also be discussed in the assignment. Nowadays, every company operating in dissimilar industries is apparently observed to be offering the products in accordance with the preferences or the choices of the customers. As an advocate, I would like to support the industries, as due to global economic pitfall; the purchasing power of the general people is getting limited, which in turn affects their profitability at large. It can be affirmed that in order to sustain in this land of free trade, industries of different scales need to produce low-cost goods for serving the customers according to their respective preferences (Frank, 2007). Evidently, the notion of capitalism is identified to play decisive roles in the context of corporate decision-making procedure. It can be apparently observed that the aspect of capitalism has risen by a considerable extent specifically in the corporate sector with the gaining momentum of free trade. This certainly affected the decision-making procedure of the corporate sector at large. Every industry desires to sustain in this competitive landscape and earn more profit. Thus, the decision-making procedure in corporate sector has certainly changed the entire business environment with the alignment of free trade. Identifiably, due to the prevalence of high competitive market, every entrepreneur has emerged with the execution of new ideas. These ideas may entail liberalizing the operational or business procedures and appropriately using the accessible resources among others (Bell & et al., 1988). The existence of varied ethical theories often advocates supporting either the consumers or the industries in the land of free trade. In the context of

European Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Government - Essay Example The tension that ensued in 1989 after the fall of Berlin Wall and the need to put hands on deck in fighting global terrorism have combinable shaped EU to implement diplomacy and intervention policy. One of the E Us efforts to maintain its power across the world that should be presented to support this essay is of its roles during the Yugoslavian crises around 1992. Though by then treaty was signed within it, which was tagged: "Common Foreign and Security Policy", but the Union effort to halt the fighting proved abortive. The EU countries had to join the United Nation Force, which at the end were under the United State leadership. Another Foreign Policy of EU that also focus on security which is seen as a strict diplomacy measure was its effort by creating formidable force that involves representatives from within its members countries, which great supports were attached to it The key action of this force is to foreseen and signal and alert on possibility of tensions. Thus it's dispatched action representatives to various hard areas around the world, so they can expand their power. Examples of these areas include Balkans, Afghanistan, Africa and the Middle East. In its effort in creating more credibility's to intervention strategies under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), EU has programmed European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) that would mean to have unanimous defense structure. Since 2003, EU leaders endorsed an European Security strategy with basic focus on crushing terrorism especially in the Middle East, though the acts of terrorism is under increase in that part of the world, which signifies one of the EU failure in its mission over foreign policies. Moreover, EU has pointed out some measure assignments that its Military Force should undergo as part of foreign policy. These are peacekeeping, crises management, humanitarian and rescue mission, including peace making. To achieve these tremendous objectives, a formidable force has been created which is expected to grow strongly in the coming recent years. Meanwhile, despite points that are seen as EU achievements on the above discussion, yet there are some angles that its failures are also noted. One of these point states that though the Union had included political aspect in its international roles, members are finding it a hard task to reshape their nation's policy. A typical example explained how these members failed to come under one umbrella during a debate held in 2003 on if the United Nation should give a go-ahead on the United States led War on Iraq. Another important area that needs a focus as parts of EU Foreign Policy is the adaptation of "Common Agriculture Policy" (CAP), a policy that aims to offer agricultural subsidies for European Union. CAP was created in the late 50s and early 60s to supplement food shortages, which hit EU countries during and after the Second World War. "As part of building a common market, tariffs on agriculture would have to be removed. However, due to the political clout of farmers and the sensitivity of the issue, it would take many years before CAP was fully implemented". (Common Agricultural Policy). The CAP steering strategies had come into being in 1960 by the founding members, while in 1962 these strategies begin to take effect. In the same year there

Argumentative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argumentative - Essay Example Biblical Christianity, on the other hand, is a worldview that attributes our ethics and morals to a universal standard of right and wrong that is not subject to change over time (Beach 54). In this way, these two opposing worldviews have two opposing positions on the nature of ethics and morality. One holds that morality is relative – the other holds that morality is not relative. They could not be in greater opposition. We can see the ways in which this worldviews and their ideas about ethics/morality shape the culture we live by looking at our past and comparing it with our present. Once this is done, it will be seen that our culture must return to religion if we are to maintain the happy and healthy lifestyle we claim to desire. Our culture, if you think about it, has been digressing for quite some time, and recently the problem has become more serious from an ethical standpoint. God is being removed from nearly every aspect of life and being replaced with other belief systems, such as humanism or naturalism. The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence were written by men who believed in God, men who thought prayer was important, that life was sacred, and that many of our current-day controversial practices, such as homosexuality and abortion, were biblically and morally reprehensible. The reality that a few of our Founding Fathers were deists, rather than theists, does not change the fact that these documents were written by and for a generally theistic people. According to John Adams, "Our Constitution was made for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other" (Beach 59).   Today, however, popular culture has forgotten that our nation was founded, in larg e part, on Christian principles, and that the Constitution was written for a "moral and religious people." We are, of

Why And When To Use Shell Scripts Essay Example for Free

Why And When To Use Shell Scripts Essay Use the Internet and the ITT Tech Virtual Library to research shell scripts and answer the following question: What is a shell script? What are the advantages of using shell scripts? What are the common usages of Windows PowerShell? A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by the shell of an operating system such as Unix. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be scripting languages. The advantages of shell scripts are: Shortcuts – provides a convenient variation of a system command where special environment settings, command options, or post-processing apply automatically, but in a way that allows the new script to still act as a fully normal shell command. Batch Jobs – allow several commands that would be entered manually at a command-line interface to be executed automatically, and without having to wait for a user to trigger each stage of the sequence. Generalization – Instead of each item being listed within the script, the item is provided on a command line and the shell uses loops, tests and variables to take those items and perform a simple task. PowerShell is a Microsoft Windows tool used to create scripts used in place of the command-line tool. PowerShell uses cmdlets which are specialized commands that implement specific functions which in turn perform a single or multiple tasks.

Mise En Scene Of Titanic Film Studies Essay

Mise En Scene Of Titanic Film Studies Essay This is the final chapter; the Mise-en-scene and Ideological model will be discussed and applied to the findings and analysis that have been discussed in chapter four. Besides that, this chapter will be answering the research question in chapter one, the achievement of the objective of this study will be discussed also. At last, there will have some suggestion for the future research in order to improve and develop a better thesis on this particular topic. 5.1 Concepts and Theories Applied There have two concepts and theories that applied in this research, which is the mise-en-scene and ideological models. Both theories will be discussed and applied to the findings and analysis that have been discussed in chapter four. 5.1.1 Concepts and Theories Applied Mise-en-scene The film Titanic has attracted audiences mind successfully, this is applicable to the theory mise-en-scene. According to Timothy Corrigan (1994), the mise-en-scene is a French term that roughly translated as what is put into the scene (put before the camera). So, based on the mise-en-scene theory, in order to produce a successful film, filmmaker needs to decide what put into the scene before the shooting work. There have five elements of mise-en-scene which are the setting, costume and make-up, lighting, space and also acting style. These five mise-en-scene elements are the key to make the film Titanic successfully. The setting in this film has created the contrast between higher and lower classes. The vivid acting style by several main and supporting characters has enhanced the storyline, and also made the story run smoothly. Lighting in this film has created meaning in all scenes, the mood has enhanced through different lighting in several scenes. The costume in this film is functional in telling audiences that the different characteristic of the characters in the scene, its also enhanced the contrasted class level in this film. Space arrangement in this film has giving the meaning to the particular scene through different camera placement and camera shot. According to Heather Logas and Daniel Muller (2005), mise-en-scene in used in all genres of fill to shows the full range of human emotion. Through the focus group, respondent M1 and F1 are telling that the scene of Jack lets Rose lying on the wood after the ship sank is memorable to them, because this scene is emotional, and showing that the best human emotion in that kind of situation. Respondent F2 has credited to the scene the flying scene of Jack and Rose at the ship, this scene is romantically, she said that the mise-en-scene elements in this scene have done well. Based on the results on focus group, more than a half respondent are preferred the acting style when viewing a film. Debi Buckner (1983) stated that the actors job is to convey a message to the particular audiences. They will fail in their task if their work is so obvious that audiences are more concerned with their effort than with the message to be conveyed in the film. In the focus group, all respondents are only called the name of the main characters as Jack and Rose, there has nobody to call their name as Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, this is fulfilled the statement of Debi Buckner (1983), because audiences watching the film are only remember their characters name and their characteristic in the film, the actor and actress has convey the message successfully in this film, the name Jack and Rose are still memorable while people discussing about the film Titanic. Heather Logas and Daniel Muller (2005) stated that the exploration of the concept of mise-en-scene has allowed filmmakers to communicate information to the particular viewers. Mise-en-scene is a holistic approach in the frame constructing process. Through the focus group in chapter 4, all the respondents are agreed that the film Titanic is a film successfully attracted audiences mind and created a lot of memorable scene. Until today, they are still remembering some particular scene in this film. 5.1.2 Concepts and Theories Applied Ideological Models Ideological models refer to the relationship between the films and society in terms of the representation of social and political realities. So, most of the films would add in the ideological elements into the plot or story. Teun A. Van Dijk (1996) stated that a variety of discursive structures and strategies might be used in order to express the ideological beliefs and also the social or personal opinions derived from them. Through the focus group, most of the respondents are stated that the class studies are strong portrayed in the film Titanic. The contrasting between higher and lower classes is obviously seen in this film. Respondent M1 said that the scene that the memorable class studies applied in this film is the lower class peoples are playing lousy instrumental and sing the local song at the lower floor of the ship while higher class peoples are playing violin, piano at the upper floor of the ship, the different treat to the different class in the ship is most obvious to portray the class studies in this film. Respondent F3 has noticed that the lifestyle of the passenger in the ship is also the class studies that the filmmaker intends to portrayed in the film Titanic, because the film was shows that the same social status people should group together. Most of the respondent in the focus group has stated that the ideological class studies were applied in the film Titanic. According to Douglas Kellner (1991), ideology refers to primarily, which those ideas that legitimate the particular class rule of the capitalist ruling class, ideology is those sets of ideas to promote the capitalist class economic interests. Respondent F4 stated that most of the time the higher class will look down at the lower class in the film Titanic. In this film, audiences can see the higher class, which is the rich person is having the special treatment in the ship. After the ship hits the iceberg, most of the save boat in the ship are given seat primary to the higher class, this is showing the contrasting between the poor and rich person treatment. Furthermore, Mise-en-scene elements in this film are aided to portray the ideological elements, especially the costume and setting between the lower and higher class people in the ship. Higher class is wearing the high quality and extravagantly shirt/dress, but the dressing of lower class is casually and low quality. For the setting, higher class are in the upper level with extravagant decoration, but the lower class are in the lower level with simple decoration. Because the mise-en-scene makes the ideological elements obvious in the scene, so, audiences can easily to get the message that the filmmaker intended to send out. Answering Research Questions How were the five elements of mise-en-scene applied into the movie Titanic? Through the content analysis, findings showed that the film Titanic has successful with well done of mise-en-scene elements. These five mise-en-scene elements are acting style, setting, space arrangement, costume and lighting. All the above elements was applied into the film Titanic to enhanced the storyline and also make the story run smoothly. Based on the findings of content analysis in chapter 4, the setting in this film has created the contrast between higher and lower classes. The vivid acting style by several main and supporting characters has enhanced the storyline, and also made the story run smoothly. Lighting in this film has created meaning in all scenes, the mood has enhanced through different lighting in several scenes. The costume in this film is functional in telling audiences that the different characteristic of the characters in the scene, its also enhanced the contrasted class level in this film. Space arrangement in this film has giving the meaning to the particular scene through different camera placement and camera shot. So, these five mise-en-scene elements in the film Titanic is the important key to make this film successfully and memorable. What are the ideological elements portray in the movie Titanic? Through the discussion of the focus group, findings showed that respondent M1, F1, F3 and F4 also agreed that the film Titanic has portrayed the class studies, Because ,most the scene has showing the different classes life obviously. There have several scene in this movie has strongly portrayed the class studies in the discussion such as the scene of the lower class peoples are playing lousy instrumental and sing the local song at the lower floor of the ship, while the high class peoples are playing violin, piano and so on at upper level has showing the different lifestyle of different classes lifestyle. The film Titanic always showing different classes of people can get different treat in the ship. This film has shows the social status obviously through their lifestyle, this film has shows that same social status should be grouping together. The status symbol in this film is being portrayed most of the time especially the higher class will look down at the lower class. Besides that, respondent F2 said that the race studies were portrayed in this film; because the film has shows there have different races passengers in the ship, this show obviously through their costume and spoken language. What is the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic? From the discussion of the focus group, findings showed that the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic is the setting, there have three respondents are preferred the setting when viewing the film Titanic. The setting in this film mostly is in the ship, it is suitable and luxurious setting, show the social status of some character obviously in this film and also the Titanic cruise is grand and extravagant, its look real and viewer can feel like they are inside the ship while watching this film. Following is the costume; because it can giving audiences the knowledge about the England last century high and low classes people costumes. Besides that, findings showed that the most preferred mise-en-scene element by when viewing a film is the acting style. Four of the respondents said that they are preferred acting style when viewing a film. They are preferred acting style, the reason is because the good acting style can lead the movie into higher level and credit for the whole artwork, audiences will have no interest to certain film that the poor performance of actor or actress. The acting style of character can enhance the storyline of film. Achievement of Objectives This research has investigated the five mise-en-scene elements those are seen in the movie Titanic. We can know this through the findings of content analysis. The results showed that these five mise-en-scene elements (acting style, setting, space arrangement, lighting and costume) are done well in this film in order to make it run smoothly and memorable. Besides that, the finding of the focus group has showed that the ideological elements portrayed in the movie Titanic. Among five of the respondent, four of them agreed that the ideological element that portrayed the most in the film Titanic is the class studies. It is because the contrasting between high and low culture is strong portrayed in this film. Besides, the race studies also have portrayed in the film, because audiences can able to view that the passengers in the ship is consist by different races, this shows obviously through their costume and spoken language. The most preferred mise-en-scene of Titanic by viewers also has found in the focus group. The result shows that the setting in this film is the most preferred mise-en-scene aspect when they are viewing this. Among the five respondents, there have three respondent that is preferred the setting of the film Titanic. Besides that, the focus group also found out that normally audiences are preferred the acting style while watching a film. Suggestions for Future Research Researcher need to do a lot of research from various sources and aspects to develop a better understanding about the mise-en-scene and ideological models in conducting this research. Readings of the journals regarding the researched by past researcher was needed in the progress. So, the journal, past research and book is helpful for this research because it can give the researcher the ideas and suggestion which are helpful in guiding the researcher from the beginning until the end of this research. Furthermore, the focus group is useful for this research topic, better to find the respondent that who have the basis understanding about the mise-en-scene and ideological models, students of film studies was preferred, so that the result can be more deeply and accurate. Additionally, Researcher need to me consistent, persistent and stay awake all the time when conducting research, although it is stress, but the researcher need to be patient and confidence to finish it. Conclusion The main purpose of this research is to analyze the mise-en-scene and ideological elements portrayed in the film Titanic, and also to discover which mise-en-scene aspect that viewers preferred by viewing the film Titanic. The five mise-en-scene elements have been analyzed through content analysis at the end of this study. Besides that, setting, the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers when viewing the film Titanic has found out through the focus group discussion. And the ideological elements portrayed in this film which is the class studies has found out through the focus group discussion. In order to get the better understanding and concepts for this study, readings for the pass research is very important either through online or book. These concepts can help to researcher conduct the research smoothly. As a conclusion, through this research assignment, the three objective of research has been achieved, and also answered the three question of study, hopefully the film Titanic can be conducted by future researcher because this film is the good example of film successfully.

Analysis Of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Finance Essay

Analysis Of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Finance Essay Dutch lady is a company that emphasis on the production of the daily product such as sweetener, yogurt, fresh milk and milk powder. Dutch lady had been starting their business in Malaysia since 1950s. The history of Dutch Lady Corporation in Malaysia begins after World War II, Dutch lady was among the several brands that imports the sweetened condensed milk from its parents company in Holland via local importers and wholesalers. In 1954, Atrading company Friesland (Malaya) Pte. Ltd. based in Singapore was formed to market the sweetened condenses milk imported from Holland in Malaya and Singapore. Dutch lady had joined the particular company with the brand name Dutch Baby. In 1963, Pacific Milk Industries (Malaya) Sendirian Berhad was incorporated in Malaysia with the commissioning of a sweetened milk factory in Petaling Jaya. This factory was the first oversea production factory of the parent company. The Company has begun their operation in the late 1965 and started to manufacture sweetened condensed milk with the licenses from the parent company. In year 1968, Pacific Milk industries (Malaya) were converted into a public company and became the very first daily production company that listed in the Stock of Exchange of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The name of the company was changed from Pacific Milk Industries Berhad to Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad in the hope to avoid the confusion in the trade and marketplace surrounding the name of the company. The company had emphasis on the production of the Dutch Baby Sweetened Condensed Milk. In line with the Companys diversification programmed, the Company commissioned and built an Ultra Heat Treated Milk Plant. Locally packed Dutch Baby Modified Baby Food was also introduced in the same year. Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad had sought for diversification in their product by introduces the new fruit juice drink product under the JOY brand name in year 1979. Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad also concern the safety of their product by introducing the sterilized milk in plastic bottles in the 1983. In year 1984, Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad once again change their name to Dutch Lady for product positioning reason. In late 1985, a 3 storey building was build to house the Milk Powder packing plant as their business grew. During 1987, the Company underwent an equity restructuring exercise to comply with the Governments New Economic Policy. The share capital was enlarged to RM16.0 million. In the same year Dutch Lady had the production of pasteurized milk in their production. Dutch Lady had introduced the yogurt and growing up milk in the late 1988 as the strategy to compete with their competitors. Dutch lady Milk Industries had delisted from the Stock Exchange of Singapore in 1989, In compliance with the Governments national policy to pro mote the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. In 1994, Dutch Lady Milk industries have their new milestone in the Dairy Product production. A new warehouse was built to accommodate the companys growing business. Human capital started to expand in line with organizational needs. It is very grateful that Dutch Lady Milk Industries has obtained certification under the ISO 9001 standards. In 1999, Dutch Lady received the Readers Digest Super Brands Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia. In the same year The Dutch Lady UHT Plant also received HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) certification from the Ministry of Health. In year 2000, Dutch Lady received its second Readers Digest Super Brands Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia. The Company changed its name from Dutch Baby Milk Industries (Malaya) Berhad to Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, to be in line with its main brand Dutch Lady with a new commitment Goodness for Life. In year 2001, Dutch Lady received its third Readers Digest Super Brands Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia and in year 2002 Dutch Lady won the Brand Equity award for liquid milk. In the same year Dutch Lady Sterilized Milk Plant once again received HACCP (Hazard Analysis Control Point) certification from the Ministry of Health. By the way Dutch Lady received its fourth Readers Digest Super Brands Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia The Companys share capital was increased from RM16.0 million to RM64.0 million via a 3 for 1 bonus issue, in compliance with the then Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ruling. In 2003, Dutch Lady upgraded the ISO 9001:1994 certification to ISO 9001:2000 standard. Dutch Lady launches a range of DHA-enhanced milk products for infants and young children. Again, The Dutch Lady Powder Plant received HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) certification from the Ministry of Health. In 2003 also Dutch Lady received its fifth Readers Digest Super Brands Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia. Nutrition for Vitality Dutch Lady revamped its brand image and packaging with the new corporate tagline Get Ready For Life! to profile vitality through healthy lifestyles and activities. In 2004 Dutch Lady received its sixth consecutive Readers Digest Super Brand Gold Award for being voted the preferred brand of milk products in Malaysia. Dutch Lady Corporation did not forget their social responsibilities to the society in 2006 Dutch Lady donated RM70000 worth of products to Deputy .Prime Minister for the Johor flood victims. In the year of 2004 also Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad had won the Award given by National Productivity Corporation (NPC). The objectives of the award are to recognize the companys outstanding productivity management, enhancement and the importance of productivity improvement towards economic development in Malaysia Among the product that produce by Dutch Lady Milk Industries includes; for the growing children Dutch Lady had produce the following product: DL Yes! DL Langkah 1 DL Langkah 2 DL 123Growing up Milk DL 456Growing up Milk Frisolac Gold 1 Frisolac Gold 2 Friso Gold 3 Friso Gold 4 For the family; DL Low Fat Yoghurt DL UHT Milk DL Sterilized Milk DL Pasteurized Milk DL Milk Powder DL Creamers Joy Juice For the young adults DL Shine DL iced Latte 2.0 METHODOLOGY Our group had used the secondary resources, Internet to accomplish the assignment given. We had refer to these website to obtain ours information and the financial statement of the company. http://www.dutchlady.com.my/en/home.asp http://www.icongrouponline.com/pr/Dutch_Lady_Milk_Industries_Berhad_MY/PR.html http://www.dutchlady.com.my/en/home.asp?page=financialsubpage=annual http://www.dutchlady.com.my/sharedfiles/financial/files/DL_QuarterlyReport_Dec06.pdf http://www.dutchlady.com.my/sharedfiles/financial/files/DL_QuarterlyReport_Dec07.pdf http://www.dutchlady.com.my/sharedfiles/financial/files/DL_QuarterlyReport_Dec08.pdf We also refer to the handout that given by the lecturer to solve the ratio in order to finish our financial analysis for the company. We had use several formula to solve the calculation in the handout and we also refer to our textbook for the difficulties that faces by us. Financial ratio analysis includes liquidity ratio, asset management ratio, profitability ratio and leverage ratio. Below are the lists of the formula that we use for this assignment. Current Ratio Higher figure means the business financial condition is better as it has enough liquid assets for its operation. Quick Ratio Higher figure shows the business has enough quick assets to cover its short-term debt immediately. Average Collection Period Comparison of this ratio with credit period will measure the efficiency of the firm to collect its debt. Inventory Turnover Higher figure shows that the firms inventory moves more quickly, meaning that inventory will be sold and replaced more frequently. Total Asset Turnover This ratio will indicate how much of sales can be generated from every dollar of the firms asset. Higher result shows that the firm manages its asset effectively. Debt Ratio Lower ratio is better. It means more coverage earn by creditors if the firm goes bankrupt. Time Interest Earn Ratio The ratio indicates firms ability in paying interest. Higher ratio shows better ability in meeting interest payment. Net Profit Margin Higher ratio is better because it shows the reducing in expenses or cost in producing sales. Return on Equity Higher ratio is better because it shows that the firm can generate better return to the owner of the firm. 4.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Malaysias liquidity has becomes better from the year 2006 to 2008. Although the current ratio has decrease from 2006 to 2007 which is from 1.773 times to 1.414 times but the ratio increases from year 2007 to 2008 which is from 1.414 times in year 2007 raise to 1.737 times in year 2008. It shows that the business financial condition is becoming better where it has enough liquid asset of its operation in year 2008. Based on the quick ratio, the firms liquidity is not stable from the year 2006 until 2008, which it has decreases from 1.148 times to 0.702 times. The decreased ratio shows that the business might not have enough quick assets in year 2007 to pay its short term debt immediately compare to year 2006. However the ratio increases to 1.134 times in year 2008 and this mean the company have enough quick assets to pay their short term debts. The Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad had become less efficient in collecting its account receivable from year 2006 to 2008 which the average collection period has increases from 45.6 days to 59.39 days. These figures show that the business need to take longer time in year 2008 compare to year 2006 to collect its debt. Based on the total assets turnover, the company has manages its assets more efficiency in year 2006 compare to year 2007 and 2008 which is decrease from 2.43 times to 2.067 times and increase back to 2.41 times in 2008. This means that more sales have been generated from every Ringgit Malaysia of the company assets in year 2006 compare to 2007 and 2008 The fixed assets turnover has also increased from 9.321 times in year 2006 to 10.11 times in year 2007 and 10.62 times in 2008. The increasing in this ratio shows that the company has been more effective in produces the business sales from its fixed assets. Profitability Ratios is measures that indicate how well a firm is performing in terms of its ability to generate profit. Return on assets (ROA) is use to indicate how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. Base from the calculation, it was show that the return on assets is decrease from 20.4% (year 2006)to 16.04% (year 2007) and 14.4% (year 2008), more higher value (%) is calculated that means higher return on assets, so the return on total assets is evidently decrease 6% from year 2006 until year 2008. Net profit margin is use to measures how  much out  of every ringgit Malaysia  of sales a company actually keeps in earning. Base from the calculation, it was show that the net profit margin is decrease from 8.4% (year 2006) to 7.8% (year 2007) and 6% (year 2008), so that means the Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has a net income of RM0.084 for each ringgit Malaysia of sales in year 2006, but it was decrease to RM0.078 for each ringgit Malaysia of sales in year 2007 and RM0.06 in year 2008. Return on equity (ROE) is measures a corporations profitability  by revealing how much  profit a company generates  with the money shareholders have invested.  Base from the calculation, it was show that the return on equity is increase from35.6% to 37.13% (year 2007) but decrease to 26.4% (year 2008). Higher value (%) is calculated that means the common stockholders of the firm will receive more return on their equity investment, so the return on equity was indicate the accounting return on the common stockholders investment was evidently increase 1.5% from 2006 to 2007 and decrease 10.73% from year 2007 until year 2008. In a conclusion, the calculated was indicating the Profitability Ratios of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad at year 2006 is better than year 2008. The debt ratio of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad increase from 42.8% to 56.8% from year 2006 to 2007 and decrease from 56.82% (year 2007) to 45.3% (year 2008).Although the company need adequate short term borrowing in year 2007 to cover their operation but in year 2008 the companys short term borrowing shows the obvious decline. This shows that in the year 2007 the company total debt is higher than the year of 2008, and this prove that the company manage to decrease their debt and making their total asset increase throughout the year before to the next year. This also shows that the company has the ability to pay up their liabilities and due to this its shows that this company has a low financial risk where the percentage of debt ratios is decreasing after the coming year. Apart from that, this show that the firms assets that financed by debt is used effectively where the ratio is lower than in the year 2007 because less debt in financing results in shows less financial risk. The time interest earned of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is increase from 126.98 times to 264.33 times from 2006 to 2007 and decrease from 264.33 times (year 2007) to 196.47 times (year 2008). This is because the revenue for company has increase from 2006 to 2007 and decrease along two years which are 2007 and 2008. At the same time, the interest expenses for company have increase along three years. This is because maybe the company not able to generate sufficient revenue so that they need to increase their loan. As a result, it leads to increase and decrease in time interest earned. Through this, the company shows that they need to improve their ability in meeting interest payment. This ratio used to measure the number of times the firm has gained to pay interest expenses. The higher the ratio is better because it shows the ability in meeting interest payment.

Not All Access is Created Equal Essay -- Definition Technology Essays

Not All Access is Created Equal Access n. 1) the ability, right or permission to approach, enter, speak with or use; admittance; 2) the state or quality of being approachable; 3) a ways or means of approach; ~ v. 9) to make contact with or gain access to; to be able to reach, approach, enter; 10) Computers. to locate (data) for transfer from one part of a computer system to another, generally between an external storage device and main storage Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd Edition Unabridged Language is a continuum. New words enter any given language upon contact with other cultures. Language is not static. It expands and contracts to allow or disallow change. The above excerpted definitions are reflective of what â€Å"access† can mean when this second edition of the dictionary was published in 1987. The first edition published in 1966 did not include the definition designated in number ten dealing with the technology arising in our computer age. Even that 1987 definition of computer access is outdated. However, we can derive from the preceding explanations a comfortable basis for determining what â€Å"access† means to computing technology in schools, the workplace and at home. Access, to those of us who use computers, means that we have a tool making communication and work tasks easier. Access, by implication, means to many of us that anyone has the ability to acquire the same information or perform the same tasks based on the availability of c omputers within a school or workplace or home. Accepting this notion is of course absurd. Not only does the definition of a word change, but the environment in which it exists is also in flux. Access does not ever the mean the desired object is avai... ...l in the hands of the educators. We become adept at manipulating the materials and the technology we have on hand to create the most productive and stimulating and thought-provoking exercises possible. We can bemoan our lack of access or simply use the technology we have. But I contend that access still has its ups and downs. Sometimes because information links and word processing are so accessible we become desensitized to the personal and emotional act of communication. We have traded hands-on-experiences for virtual reality – handwritten letters for abbreviated emails – summer games of kick the can for solitaire on a green screen. The world has shrunk because of technological advances so that we know more about cultures around the globe while at the same time we have surrounded ourselves with machines that help us maintain personal distance and anonymity.

Idealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes Essay

Idealism in Let America Be America Again by Langston Hughes      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the poem "Let America Be America Again," Langston Hughes paints a vivid word picture of a depressed America in the 1930's. To many living in America, the idealism presented as the American Dream had escaped their grasp. In this poetic expression, a speaker is allowed to voice the unsung Americans' concern of how America was intended to be, had become to them, and could aspire to be again.    Using a conversational style, the author allows the speaker and listener to interact with each other. The issue addressed is that America is not the democratic ideal of all of its people. The original speaker begins in a fairly common quatrain stanza; however, when the listener is allowed to respond, the stanzas become irregular indicating the passion felt as well as the urgency of the message. The listener's response contains the main idea of the piece, comparing the democratic ideal to the conditions of those who are victims because of race, age, or economic status. The author's careful use of alliteration in phrases such as "pushed apart" (19) and "slavery's scars" (20) emphasizes the struggles and alienation experienced by less fortunate Americans.    The speaker begins the narration by making a statement that America should return to the idealistic way it used to be: "Let it be the dream it used to be" (2). Then the narrator continues to relate nostalgically the longing for an America built on freedom and equality for all. This could be the dream of the author himself. Wagner states of the author, "Like his first masters Whitman and Sandburg, like his fellow black Toomer, and like so many other American poets of the period, Lan... ...tion in Depression" (Ramperstad 371). Commenting on this poem and its author, Langston Hughes, Ramperstad observes, "Perhaps his finest poem of the thirties combined his will to revolution with his Whitman-like nostalgia for a vanishing America." Hughes gives us a richer insight of American idealism, American realism, and what, "America will be!" (73).    Works Cited Hughes, Langston. "Let America Be America Again." _Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing_. 4th ed. Eds. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1995. 723-24. Rampersad, Arnold. "Langston Hughes." _Voices & Visions: the Poet in America_. Ed. Helen Vendler. New York: Random House, 1987. 352-93. Wagner, Jean. "Langston Hughes." _Black Poets of the United States_. Trans. Kenneth Douglas. Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1973, 385-474.   

Essays --

some lawsuits to go forward against the government is limited for policy reasons. This is because these suits may hold the government responsible for too many misfortunes, or prevent the government of agency from engaging in certain duties without the threat of exorbitant financial responsibility. The second prong of the Anns test thus prevents the government from becoming an insurer of all potential harm which the government is found to have a proximate relationship to. The test set forth in Anns is important to understand when discussing Cooper v. Hobart, which was adopted as the test for the duty of care for the government and its agencies after Kamloops v. Nielson. This is because Cooper v. Hobart is the case which is said to have redefined Anns into the current standard, the Cooper-Anns test. Facts of Cooper v. Hobart Cooper v. Hobart is a case involving the Registrar of Mortgage Brokers, a statutory regulator of mortgage licenses. In the case, Eron Mortgage Corporation was a mortgage broker as defined by the Mortgage Broker’s Act. â€Å"Eron acted as a mortgage broker for large syndicated loans. It arranged for numerous lenders (or investors) to pool their funds for the purpose of making a single loan to a borrower, which was typically a developer of commercial real estate. The syndicated loans were made in the name of Eron or one of its related companies, which held the security in a trust for the investors. Cooper, an investor, had advanced money to Eron. Hobart, in his official capacity as Mortgage Broker Registrar, suspended Eron’s mortgage broker’s license in October of 1997 because Eron was allegedly using the funds of their investors for unauthorized purposes. Shortly after the suspension of its license, Eron we... ...tending the current duty of care to a new duty of care, there were policy reason to find that there was not a proximate enough relationship between Cooper and the Registrar to establish a duty of care. The Registrar’s duties under the statute did not give rise to a duty of care to the plaintiff. However, as the new Cooper-Anns test includes the considerations of policy at both stages of the analysis, one can assume that if policy reasons are in favor of recognizing a new duty of care, the court will, in fact, recognize it. There is a question of whether the court should have recognized a new duty of care in Cooper v. Hobart. In the Hobart case, the statute did not establish a duty of care to the plaintiffs/investors. Furthermore, the Registrar owes a duty to act in the interest of the public at large which may at time have competing interests with investors.

My Antonia Imagery Essay

Willa Cather, an American author, achieved much recognition on her frontier works. She earned much acknowledgement in her work of My Antonia. Raised on a primitive farm in Nebraska, Cather uses her experiences of the landscape to transform the senses of her readers. Cather demonstrates her ability to capture the feeling of the prairie at the end of the â€Å"Hired Girls. † (â€Å"Presently we saw†¦ somewhere on the prairie. † Page 146-147) Not only is this scene an important image of the moment, but the representation of this plow amongst the setting sun as well. The image of the plow in front of the sinking sun is very prominent throughout the book. Though the plow could simply represent a plow or the sun just a sun, Cather puts much more depth into it. She creates a mental picture that appeals to the readers senses. Cather emphasizes the â€Å"gold-washed sky† and â€Å"horizontal light. † She creates vivaciousness into the mind. The warmth that the sun gives off made Jim feel joy and the love for his country. Cather includes how the setting sun embellishes a red hue around the plow. Red makes Jim feel the passion and affection he has for Antonia and the land he grew up on. It reminds him of the fire and life he had as a kid and remembers the love of life itself. The plow as a silhouette against the setting sun shows its enormity and massiveness. The plow casts a shadow along the fields, creating the impression of a much larger plow than in reality. The plow has changes not only Antonia’s life, but the fields as well. It transforms the ground, from something hard and tough, to fertile soil used for farming to create something new and beautiful. If the plow was not placed in front of the sun, the plow would still look smaller and irrelevant. As the sun continues to set, the shadows diminish. Although the symbolism of the plow is significant, it pales in comparison to the endless fields. The plow settles â€Å"back to its own littleness. † It is no match to the beauty of Mother Nature. Towards the beginning of the book, Cather includes Virgil’s quote, â€Å"Optima dies†¦ prima fugit,† which translates to â€Å"the best days are the first to flee. It represents a reoccurring theme in the book. The sun rises and falls each day, and this moment with Antonia stood out to Jim most of all. As they both grow older and move in their separate ways. Aware of the approaching end, Jim leaves for college shortly afterwards. The setting of the sun at night means a new day will dawn soon, and a new chapter of Jim and Antonia’s life must begin. Antonia leaves her life on the fields behind to move onto a life of a â€Å"Hired Girl. † Cather transforms this spectacular novel into a Bildungsroman. Antonia and Jim develop from children to young adults. She continuously reminds the readers of the American Dream, which is also referenced to by the plow. From the outside, the plow and sun- or the American Dream, looks beautiful in combination. But when the sun sets, all that is left behind is a regular plow that still requires hard work and dedication. Shortly before the end of Jim’s statement, Cather includes â€Å"heroic in size, a picture writing on the sun,† Heroic stands for the plow, something bigger than itself. When put into use, the plow is a quintessential element for farming, but when not, it takes up space and could get in the way. Irrelevant and unnoticed. The hard work that Willa Cather put into My Antonia did not go unrecognized. She portrayed her talent to capture the reader into the book. The simple words she uses helps to constrain the actual complexity she can not express. The symbolism ties into the story to make clear to the reader of the American Dream and all the other reoccurring themes throughout the story.

Newspaper Analysis

The front page of a newspaper provides a great deal of information on various subjects. Most newspapers include a weather forecast, an index or brief description of articles inside the paper, and a small sports scorecard to accompany the local and national news. Newspapers also concentrate on how to grab the attention of readers. They most commonly use a larger, darker type of print, mixture of color, and/or pictures on the front page of the paper. A newspaper s job is to update people on the happenings around the world as well as in their own community. Community size often may influence or even dictate the findings on the front page of a newspaper. Normally the front page of a newspaper lets a person in on the findings throughout the remaining sections of the paper. A small index, or article description containing page numbers, usually shows a reader what the rest of paper contains. Accompanying this index, usually a forecast of the weather to come in the next few days manages to make it on the front page also. Some papers actually save the die-hard sports fans some time by having a miniature scoreboard recapping the scores of the day before. Remember that this doesn t apply to all papers only to some. Newspapers constantly look for more readers and to help attract these readers many attempt to dress up their paper. While some papers remain basic and plain, others add color and size to font in a try to appeal to readers. Background color adds a little life to an otherwise regular dull off white that normally associates itself with newspapers. The larger font highlighted in bold to draw the eyes of a reader in that direction gives each article its own personalized title instead of simply a lead in to the article itself. Negative effects, also come from the attempt at adding life to the paper. A few readers become disgusted with the constant multiple page articles. The large font makes articles small space assigned to it that much smaller, so readers frequently find themselves finishing articles on a second page. Pictures commonly graze the front page of newspapers. From local events to national disasters they provide for a break in reading. Even when reading a book, many people skim the pages looking for pictures to give an image to the writings in that book. The pictures do not necessarily link with the articles on the page either; many pictures make the paper without a story behind them. These pictures commonly differ from place to place. If a person were to pick up a small town newspaper they would most likely notice a range of articles from the town wide garage sale to the result of the football game on Friday night. If a person were to pick up a larger based newspaper, they would notice more articles dealing with the community. The difference between newspapers varies ever so slightly. When a person views or observes the pictures from the big city paper they may find some government officials shaking hands or people from another country with distraught looks overcoming their faces. In a local community the newspaper more than likely will not contain pictures pulled off the associated press wire. Pictures on the front page of a small town paper will show children swimming, playing at a local park, or the rodeo queen. A person won t catch these pictures on the cover of a large paper; in fact, articles similar to these most likely would not exist in larger papers. Like pictures, articles also differ from community to community. Not many small papers feature articles about how the President signed another bill or influenced another treaty. The small papers will contain articles about the local chamber of commerce or the recent school board bond issue. The larger newspaper will discuss a variety of national news and possibly work in some details of how the stock market is rising or falling. The larger paper covers so many different communities it is important for them to keep people up to date on the latest news nationally with their sources. With sources obtained by the larger paper their ability to cover national news makes them the money. Different papers cover different topics or issues. Newspapers bring information about various subjects to people. People in return relay this information to other people, in effect notifying others of the happenings in our world. The importance of the newspaper takes us back in history to the time of the Sons of Liberty. They were not far enough advanced to produce a newspaper and disperse it among the colonies. They had to send representatives to meetings to tell of their mistreatment by the British. This only happened through organized meetings at different times. Small newspapers cover local news happening around several communities. Even though it covers several communities, small papers create a feel of a hometown paper. Large papers just don t create that feel of a hometown paper even though they also cover many communities. These papers are relied on to bring the people the national news that escapes the smaller papers. Their emphasis on national news makes them the leading sellers. Every newspaper covers their fair share of news, only each paper s front page will contain the news they will exhibit throughout the remaining of their paper. Simply put remember to find national news go to the big city paper and for your local news pick up a small newspaper.

Historical Process of Individuals

CARIBBEAN STUDIES TOPIC: THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL PROCESSES REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Describe TWO responses of Caribbean people oppression. (4 marks – 2005) 2. (a) Explain briefly the significance of â€Å"adult suffrage†. (2 marks – 2006) (b)Suggest TWO reasons why support for adult suffrage grew in Caribbean societies in the early 20th century. (4 marks – 2006) 3. (a) Name TWO regional territories to which large numbers of Caribbean people migrated between 1838 and 1920. (2 marks – 2007) (b)Give TWO reasons for such migration. (4 marks – 2007) 4. (a) Explain what is meant by indentureship in the context of the Caribbean experience. 2 marks – 2004) (b)State TWO ways in which indentureship differed from slavery in the Caribbean. (4 marks – 2004) 5. Describe THREE ways in which enslavement of people in the Caribbean contributed to the erasure of their cultural practices. (6 marks – 2003) 6. (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘colonial education’. (2 marks – 2008) (b) Name TWO institutions that facilitated colonial education in the Caribbean. (2 marks – 2008) 7. (a) Name TWO groups of indentured labourers who were brought to the Caribbean after emancipation in 1838. 2 marks – 2009) (b) Give TWO reasons why EACH group of indentured labourers were brought to the Caribbean. (4 marks – 2009) 8. Explain what is meant by term ‘resistance’. (2 marks – 2010) 9. Describe TWO ways in which the Haitian Revolution impacted Caribbean society and culture. (4 marks – 2010) ESSAY QUESTIONS: CHOOSE ONE 1. Using examples from the Caribbean, explain how Caribbean people throughout history have responded to oppression. (2008) OR 2. Describe THREE ways in which education facilitated the colonial agenda in the Caribbean. (2010)

Diane Arbus

Diane Arbus was originally born Diane Nemerov on March 14, 1923 to David Nemerov and Gertrude Russek Nemerov. She was the daughter of a wealthy New York businessman. Her family owned Russeks department store on Fifth Avenue, allowing Dian a pampered childhood. As a member of a prominent New York family, she grew up with a strong sense of what was â€Å"prohibited† and what was â€Å"acceptable† in high society. Diane’s world was a protected one, with little adversity; yet this very lack of adversity made her feel as thou she was living in ungrounded world.As funny and different as it may seem, the ability to have a comfortable life was somehow painful for her. An extremely shy child, she was often fearful but told no one of her scary daydreams and nightmares. From what I gather her closest relationship was with her older brother, Howard. For Jr. High School, the seventh through the twelfth grade, Arbus attended Fieldstone School in the Riverdale section of the Br onx. At Fieldstone she became interested in public spectacles, rituals, and myths; ideas, which would later influence her photography work.Here she also devoted much of her time and energy to art class sketching, painting, and clay sculpture. During this period of her life, Arbus and several of her friends began exploring the city of New York. On their own they would take the subway, getting off in unfamiliar areas, Brooklyn or the Bronx. They would go out to observe and following interesting or unusual passers. At the young age of 14 Diane met her future husband. Allan Arbus, a 19-year-old City College student who was employed in the art department at Russeks, her father’s store. They say it was love at first sight for the young happy couple.Her parents obviously disapproved, as he was not of the same wealth class. However their disapproval only served to heighten Diane's conviction to marry him. Diane saw in marriage a way to escape from all that was restricting and oppress ive in her family life. In many ways, Allan represented the freedom she had been searching for. They were married, on April 10, 1941, with only their immediate families present. At the start of their new lives, to ease financial burdens her husband Allan supplemented his income by working as a salesman and also by doing some fashion photography.Diane Arbus soon became his assistant. World War II came and Allan was sent to a photography school near Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. Soon after Arbus relocated to nearby, Red Bank, and set up a darkroom in their bathroom. As a way to learn Allan taught her everything he was learning in school. May of 1944 came and Allan was transferred to another photography school in Astoria, Queens. By this time Diane was pregnant. She was having their first child, Doon Arbus, who was born April 3, 1945. During the 1940s however, Arbus briefly studied under photographer Berenice Abbott.Learning all she could about photography she and her, husband teamed up a s fashion photographers. Their first customer was her father’s business, Russeks. They were first published in the magazine May 1947 issue of Glamour. This would mark the beginning of a long association with (Conde Nast publishing) firm. Their forte was shooting models in motion. For some reason, the Arbuse’s despised the shallowness of the fashion and the magazine industry. Working in the fashion industry with all the glamour and glitz brought her lots of stress. During this period her only real joy was photographing friends and relatives.She would often wear a camera around her neck at friend and family events. On April 16, 1954, Diane became a mother for the second time. She gave birth to her second daughter, Army Arbus. Now in addition to her fashion work she was also photographing children. She would go out to Spanish Harlem in New York to photograph stranger’s children. In the 1950s she also found herself increasingly attracted to nontraditional people, pe ople on the fringes of normal society. This new avenue provided a release from the oppression felt in the fashion world.During this time of her life she also suffered from recurring bouts of depression. Due to her mental state in 1957 the couple decided to make a drastic change. He would continue to run their fashion studio, leaving her free to find and photographic subjects of her own choosing. Diane began attended Alexey Brodovitch's workshops at a New School. However Arbus found herself drawn to the work of photographs like (Weegee) Arthur Fellig, Louis Faurer, Robert Frank and, especially to the unusual pictures of Lisette Model. In 1958 Arbus enrolled in a class, Model was offering at a New School.It was during this period Diane decided, what she really wanted to pursue photographing â€Å"the different. † She saw her camera as a sort of all access pass, that allowed her to be curious, nosy, and to explore the lives of others. Gradually she overcame her shyness. She enjo yed the ability of going where she never gone before as she did as young child. She would enter the lives and homes of others and confronted that which she had never had in her own overprotected childhood. Her teacher Model taught her to be specific, that if you pay close scrutiny to reality it produces something fantastic.In her early projects, she undertook photographing what she referred to as â€Å"freaks. † She responded to them with a mixture of shame and understanding. For some reason she always identified with her subjects â€Å" the freaks† in a personal way. You could refer to Arbus' â€Å"specific subject matter† as â€Å"freaks, homosexuals, lesbians, cripples, sick people, dying people, and even dead people. † Like Weegee instead of looking away from such people, as do most of us, she looked directly at these individuals, treating them as a serious part of humanity.As a result, they opened their arms to her as one of their own making her work original and unique. In1960, When Arbus and her husband separated, her work became increasingly independent. During that period she began her series of circus images, photographing midget clowns, tattooed men, and sideshow freaks. Diane was frequently seen at Hubert’s Freak Museum at Broadway and 42nd Street, fascinated by the figures she saw. To build a repot she returned again and again until her subjects knew and felt comfortable around her. She also frequented the Times Square area, getting to know the thugs and bag ladies.Arbus’s style, was to pose her subjects, them looking directly into the camera, just as she looked directly at them. For her, the freaks were always more important than the picture. She said, â€Å"I don't like to arrange things; I arrange myself. † She was a firm believer that there were things in life everyone overlooked and no one would ever see, unless she photographed it. In the early 1960s Arbus began to photograph, nudists. She vis ited nudist camps in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, were she agreed to take her clothing off in order to be allowed to stay with them.This period was particularly productive for her, 1962 to 1964. It was during this period Arbus' won her first Guggenheim fellowship for a project on â€Å"American rites, manners, and customs†. Of Arbus' pictures three were shown in John Szarkowski's 1965 show at the MOMA, (Museum of Modern Art) â€Å"Recent Acquisitions†. There were two from her series on nudists and one of two female impersonators back stage. These honest images shocked and often repelled Viewers. Later her work was included, along with that of Lee Friedlander and Garry Winogrand, in Szarkowski's â€Å"New Documents urvey of 1967)† exhibition at the MOMA. The show, which opened March 6, marked the pinnacle of her career while she lived. It included some 30 examples of her work. Critics called her â€Å"the wizard of odds. â€Å", â€Å"the peeping Tom in all of us. † From 1966 on Arbus struggled with bouts of hepatitis, which often left her extremely depressed. In 1969, Allan Arbus, her life long partner, formally divorced her leaving her devastated. He married Mariclare Costello soon after the divorce. To cope with this difficult period Arbus photographed many influential figures of the 1960s: F.Lee Bailey, Jacqueline Susann, Coretta Scott King. Diane Arbus committed suicide in her New York apartment on July 26, 1971. In 1972, a year after she committed suicide, Arbus became the first American photographer to have photographs displayed at the Venice Biennale. Her show broke the attendance record set by the Edward Steichen's noted 1955 photographic exhibit Family Of Men which did include a photograph by the Arbuses of a father and son reading a newspaper, Millions of people viewed traveling exhibitions of her work in 1972-1979.In 2003-2006, Arbus and her work were the subjects of a another major traveling exhibition, Diane Arbus Rev elations. In 2006, the motion picture Fur, starring Nicole Kidman as Arbus, presented a fictional version of her life story. To this day her work continues to draw discushions and provoked controversy. Norman Mailer was quoted in 1971 as saying â€Å"Giving a camera to Diane Arbus is like putting a live grenade in the hands of a child. â€Å"

History of London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of London - Essay Example As children attend school, they copy and even acquire the culture of classmates and even that of neighbors. Most of the parents who moved to London within the last 150 years have had difficulties in communication, and they make use of their children as translators. Children attending schools engage in socializing activities from where they learn and acquire new cultures. The young generation within the city of London has had its life molded on what the young people believe. In fact, they are not influenced by their parents who would want them to follow their footsteps. Therefore, there has been conflict between children and parents in the city of London. However, parents should know that they cannot influence the behavior of their children or even their actions (Museum of London). As a city, London has lost its culture because of immigration activities. London has become a host of many people from different countries of the universe making it have different cultures. For instance bei ng a Muslim in London can prove hectic for a Muslim faithful. This is because the city has entirely different ideas and those professing the Muslim faith may feel out of place or as outcast. This issue has caused many people to abandon their beliefs for those that are commonly practiced in the area. This has been the case among the young generation within the city. The result of loss of the culture within the city is the development of multicultural aspects. Many people from other continents and even other countries within Europe have found their way to London. Some of the reasons that have caused immigration are aspects of business and studies. Therefore, diversity has come up in terms of clothing, food and even language. Different foods have been brought to London and a new method of cooking adapted by the city dwellers (Museum of London). There has been an improvement in the business and trade sectors. For instance, new technologies have been brought by foreigners to the city. Mi grants would include the Chinese, American and even the Russians. This has transformed many lives within the city by making work easy and efficient. For instance, exchange of cultural aspects has seen exchange of technology that has made improvements in the transport and sector within the city. Immigration to London has also affected the social aspects of the city. As a result of people moving to the city to look for jobs, there were high levels of unemployment during the start of the twenty century that saw crime levels going up within the city. The young people have been perpetrators or victims that have been associated with crime in London. This was a result of young men and women lacking jobs within the city. In addition to this, there was poor sanitation related issues within the city as a result of many immigrants. The population within the city was large to an extent that the city would not handle all the people in terms of providing social amenities. In an effort to fight th at, institution were established to deal with infectious diseases within the city. The past 150 years have also seen a change in the medical field. For instance, physicians and other medical personnel sought to reach the whole community unlike earlier times where these people were concerned with those who came to the hospital. There have been increased levels of drug and alcohol use within the city. T

Strategic Management in the Aviation Industry Essay - 1

Strategic Management in the Aviation Industry - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that apart from the issues within the companies’ scope, some industries are faced with concerns that tend to be beyond their control. Such topics globally affect the performance of an industry and all the industry’s firms must act in unison to overcome such crises for the overall benefit of the entire industry. In the analysis of the world economy, all industry players have to be taken into account and their niche is critically scrutinized to ensure the best position is reached at, and for the analysis to give the best position of an industry. This is due to the disparities in the diverse industries composing the world economy. Considering this, such analyses unearth inside make-up of these industries that assist in their in-depth knowledge. Consequently, this exhaustive understanding of such industries results in better positions for tackling the contentious issues and trending topics that affect the specific industries and ext end to the world economy. In light of this, an industry for consideration would be the aviation business. The aviation industry is composed of all companies, private or otherwise, that partake in the air transport. This includes both passenger travel and cargo freight. It is a rapidly growing industry and being the fastest means of transport, it is the most preferred by many. The airline industry is demarcated into various sub-sections consisting of commercial passenger transport, private charter firms, cargo freight companies and, more recently the introduction of emergency flying doctor services. Due to this, the delineation of boundaries for this industry poses a number of challenges to the industry players. As such, rifts may occur among industry players with each firm only associating themselves with their niche and generally avoiding interaction with others outside their scope. Considering this, the negative impact comes evident when a firm supposedly offers services in a nich e not considered its specialization. The other companies in that specialty would view this as territorial infringe. This often puts different industry players at war against each other. Moreover, the establishment of national airspace also sets an avenue for differences among countries.