The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance to hybrid identity put in place by South Asians living in the West

Introduction South Asians were the first Asian immigrants to arrive in the United States of America in the 19th century after the discovery of gold in California. The term ‘South Asians’ is a hybrid identity of the current Asian immigrants from the seven Asian countries that include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance to hybrid identity put in place by South Asians living in the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The termis used to bring a diverse population into a common pool of people who share identity through common economic and political history. South Asians got into the United States as a minority people vulnerable to oppressions from the locals based on their race, sexuality, origin, religion, and economic weaknesses. However, over the centuries, the group has gradually resis ted oppression to become one of the contemporarymost powerful minority groups in the United States and other western countries. In addition, it has resisted the hybrid identity to demand individual identity all over the western countries, but mostly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Some scholars argue that South Asian Americans garnered their identity as they resisted economic problems, but this paper holds that inferiority complex fueled the multiple levels of negotiations and resistance of these immigrants to oppression in the United States. The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance After their emigration to the West in the 19th century, South Asians were vulnerable to oppression from the locals due to their economic weaknesses and general inferiority complex. South Asians viewed Western countries as land of opportunities, and thus a majority of elite people in the South Asian countries was attracted to the western nations as their countries already had econom ic downturns. The emigration of South Asian Americans from their countries is viewed to have been a mass movement of people as western countries received many people who exceeded the demand for labor at the mines and construction sites in the century. In late 19th century, already there was a great population of South Asian Americans that exceeded the demand for labor in the US. Hence, they felt inferior to the locals, which consequently rendered them submissive to oppression from the westerners. For instance, already many Chinese people had emigrated from China after the country experienced economic depression that rendered many people jobless, and they had already occupied areas where mining and railway constructions sites were located. Upon their arrival in western economies, the majority of South Asians population was exposed to further economic problems in a foreign land. Hence, in a bid to overcome the economic problems, South Asians were left with no option rather than to see k jobs that locals had shunned, which included the servants’ jobs in the constructions sites, but a few secured vacancies in the railway construction and mining sites as menial workers.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others started small businesses around the regions where they had occupied. As aforementioned, South Asians’ problems exposed them to oppression from the locals based onsocial, economic, and political status. Socially, Asians were viewed as illiterate as a majority could not access quality education as opposed to the local citizens who had better education. However, a few parents managed to enroll their children in schools where they were exposed to discrimination from their local peers on race, religious, and other social basis. Hence, South Asians felt the firsthand discrimination experience right from childhood from their peers to adulthood whereby good jobs were reserved for locals and other races that were viewed as more superior to the immigrants (Gupta 143). These compounding elements heightened South Asians’ inferiority complex, and thus they could not accept hybrid identity, as they wanted to stick together without the influence of outsiders. Religion and cultural values seemed to prompt the locals to discriminate South Asians in western countries. South Asians did not adopt the western cultures upon their immigration (Tarlo 82), but instead they retained their strong cultural values, which enabled them to settle in large numbers at a particular place. This aspect cemented their resistance to hybrid identity, as they never mingled freely with other cultures. For instance, the Chinese had their own Chinese towns where they displayed their cultural heritage to people of other cultures. Indians also settled in specific regions where they also practiced their culture and religious believes. The failure to adopt the western cul ture made them antisocial and locals often viewed them as unwelcoming people.However, South Asians did not accept defeat. On the contrary, they endeavored to fight for their human dignity and identity in the foreign land tirelessly from one generation to another. It was easier for the initial immigrants to suffer the stated oppression than to embrace hybrid identity. South Asians are truly one of the minority groupings in the United States. Nevertheless, their resistance to adopt western values has made them one of the most powerful racial groups as well. The group mostly entailspeople whose origin is from South Asian countries, though a majority of them is bornin the United States of the third generation of the pioneer South Asian immigrants. The rising of South Asian dignity has been gradual ever since the immigration of their ancestors in the 19th century during the gold rush and railway construction period. Their ancestors belonged to the demonized minority due to their weak eco nomic and social status as compared to the locals.However, today, their descendants have proved to be the model minority in the land where their ancestors endured great pain of oppression.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance to hybrid identity put in place by South Asians living in the West specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to retaining their values over generations, which have played a major role in empowering them, South Asians have become better as compared to people belonging to other races in the western economies and studies shows that they have improved their identity through entrepreneurship. South Asians have grown to be one of the leading entrepreneurs in their areas of settlement, and hence they have employed locals who once discriminated them (Bhavnani 189). Hence, the locals became accommodative to the South Asians after realizing that they t oo benefited from what they had to offer. Today, South Asian youths form one of the most admired minority groups in academic institutions as they are perceived to be morally upright and they stick to their values as opposed to other groupings that have adopted modernized culture, hence eroding their morals and values in society. Therefore, South Asians have retained a higher dignity in society as compared to their counterparts. However, there have been challenges amongst South Asian Americans minority groups where immigrants from certain South Asian countries face oppression from their counterparts. Initially, the term ‘South Asian’ was generally used to refer to immigrants from the seven southern Asian countries. Nowadays, the Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese are also referred to as South Asian immigrants. This aspect has led to divisions of the group where religion and ethnic divisions have been used as a basis for segregation. Some members often view themselves as more superior to their counterparts, hence oppressing the rest by making them feel weaker. Hence, the battle of supremacy led to the fighting for dignity by some members like Indians who felt left out of the group on an ethnic basis. Others like Bangladesh and Pakistan immigrants felt oppressed on religion basis. These divisions led to the redefinition of the term ‘South Asian’ in order to accommodate all minority groups that formed it by including all South Asian countries in the definition. Conclusion Although various ethnic divisions exist in the group, which form the ties that bind the groupas their divisions make them very radical and active in economic matters as they compete against each other. An immigrant American woman from Bangladesh wears Hijab, which makes her appear different from a Korean woman, but both are regarded as South Asian minorities. Historically, economic and political factors have played a major role in empowering the South Asian Americans ever si nce their emigration to the US in the19th century when they found few job opportunities after which they had to find their own ways of gaining economic powers. Hence, their zeal to climb the economic ladder surpassed the locals who have lost values to modernization, while South Asians have stuck to theirs. Therefore, inferiority complex contributed to the strengthened relationships amongst South Asians,as it was the only option to resist oppression and support each other as community, thus enabling them to achieve a common social and economic growth in the western countries. Ultimately, South Asians resisted hybrid identity and lined multiple levels of negotiations courtesy of their brimming inferiority complex in a foreign land more than political and economic factors could have contributed.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bhavnani, Kum-Kum. â€Å"Organic Hybridity or Commodification of Hybridity? Comments on Mississippi Masala.† Meridians 1.1 (2000): 187-203. Print. Gupta, Monisha. Unruly Immigrants: Rights, Activism, and Transnational South Asian Politics in the United States, New York: Duke University Press, 2006. Print. Tarlo, Emma. Visibly Muslim: Fashion, Politics, Faith, New York: Berg, 2010. Print. This essay on The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance to hybrid identity put in place by South Asians living in the West was written and submitted by user Caylee Chapman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Successful Supply Chain

Successful Supply Chain The supply of an organization depends on the facilities for economical yet efficient production and distribution. The organization can keep production and distribution costs minimal by carefully selecting the raw materials and the suppliers. Managing the supplier offers velocity, flexibility and, quality at the lowest costs possible. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Successful Supply Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main reason of working around reasonable costs is to ensure satisfaction of the customer at all times, especially during the market fluctuations. The main aim of a supply chain is to offer innovative dimensions of remaining competitive in the market by introduction and delivery of dynamic and technologically high quality inventories into the market at sustainable costs and high swiftness. Management of cost also enables the organizations to build a vision or goal by recognizing the per formance break and thus narrowing the gap through utilization of available resources. Successful supply chain means that the consumer is not kept waiting after ordering and this is achievable via proper balancing of resources to meet the demands (Wang et al, 64). According to Wisner (478), the current economical crisis means that these are un-standardized times, which require critical but quick decisions regarding trade especially on money matters. Today there is need for careful management considering that technology is taking over transactions by storm and there is need to convert the physical elements of transactions to virtual ones to enhance trade at the lowest feasible costs. The costs need management because currently there is urgent need for firms to invest in hi-tech information and goods transfer due to low investments rates and poor international transactions. Economic crisis means low investment rates thus the need to invest the available resources smartly. Globalizatio n of the supply chains is becoming crucial because of the reduction on the procurement costs as well as decreases on the risks of international transactions such as purchasing behaviours. The technological impact is forcing businesses to consider outsourcing or venturing into countries that are more productive. For instance, India was a rare consideration to venture into some years back but today their advancement in technological matters makes most transactions easier, faster and cheaper over some of the U.S. and other western countries. Today globalization enables supply-chain firms to bid for the cheaper but best quality options through comparison. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competition requires better establishment, new ventures and proper marketing strategies thus the quests for globalization. Globalization means change for growth and that is t he aspiration for every firm (Ayers and Odegaard, 88). Lastly some of the market niche are only attainable globally for instance the vehicle manufacturing industries that require global supplies. Some of the repercussions for this trend involve higher overall costs in comparison to the traditional style of regional or remote supply chains. According to Coyle (7), the exchange rates, tariffs, and space are some of the extra costs incurred during the international transactions. The time factor due to regional differences may affects the transactions beside the climatic conditions. A lot of complexity is usually involved when there are many global suppliers, thus the needs to consider the number to involve. The lowest prices in the global markets may mean more costs if a firm lacks to consider other related factors such as time, quality and quantity. In relation to Lambert (91), companies use various methods for demand forecasting of supply chains, such as graphical, historical or sta tistical. Graphically there are many difficulties involved in modelling outputs, especially when the chains are many but on the other hand, it offers clear picture of the reality and chances for expansion through better analysis of hindrances and catalysts. The daily demand shifts call for complex representations. However, it is possible to model systematic and similar graphs even when they call for demanding efforts. The statistical forecasting are more accurate because of defined data types compared to historical, which mainly entail predictions based on past performances. Majority of the methods nevertheless utilizes supply situations that are a rough estimate as opposed to the current states of affairs, thus lack of exact prediction. Forecasting enables firms to learn the procedures of controlling some of the consumer’s systematic shifts such as weekly changes. The shifts are rather much more complicated when the company fails to carry out the observations. Forecasting enables the management to find the information regarding insufficient supplies, which would otherwise be hard to note thus better trading and accurate timely supplies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Successful Supply Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Close coordination means that the chains are working as a unit, to alloy uniformity especially over performance and dynamism. The managers are able to avoid heterogeneity within the firm by synchronizing activities. The current technological change calls for intelligent systems and personnel who are able to handle the operations, research and system’s theories. In a strategy to minimize costs, they harmonize state times, sequences to avoid waiting costs, and retain customers through timely deliveries, especially for the global markets. Coordinated activities enhance the firm’s ability to deliver solutions of the complex problems through int egration of various aspects from different chain stores. According to Kurtz et al (405), globalization makes the supply chains more complex and, limited but better and more profit oriented. Modulating components enables the manager to design subsystems as modules, which assist in meeting a wide range of business requirements. The production, manufacturing and procurement of components are highly reduced, thus saving resources in material status for future requirements. The joint planning, process integration and coordination reduces the performance cost and offers chances for business expansion to other market niche. There is increase on returns on investments such as assets, improved customer services due to specialization and, reduction on the time required for delivery. Ayers, James B. Odegaard, Mary Ann. â€Å"Retail supply chain management: Series on resource management.† CRC Press, 2007 Coyle, John J., Langley, C. John Bardi, Edward J. â€Å"Supply chain management : a logistics perspective.† Cengage Learning publishers. 2009 Kurtz, David L. MacKenzie, H. F. Snow, Kim. â€Å"Contemporary Marketing.† Cengage Learning publishers. 2009Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lambert, Douglas M. â€Å"Supply chain management: processes, partnerships, performance† Supply Chain Management Inst. 2008 Wang, William Y. C, Heng, Michael, S. H. Chau, Patrick Y. K. â€Å"Supply chain management: issues in the new era of collaboration and competition.† Idea Group Inc (IGI) publishers. 2007 Wisner, Joel D., Tan, Keah-Choon., Leong, Keong. G. â€Å"Principles of Supply Chain Management.† Cengage Learning publishers. 2008

English Arbitration Act 1996 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

English Arbitration Act 1996 - Essay Example This Act was formed for improvements accumulating from the former arbitration acts and case law following the structure and language of the Model Law without completely adopting it. The 1996 Act is characterized by many features, the most important being confirming the Principle Part Autonomy. Although it includes a number of mandatory provisions, the Act leaves a large number of issues up to the freedom of parties. Moreover, it limits the intervention of courts during the arbitral process except for assisting in its efficiency. Even after rendering the arbitral award, it limits the right of parties to appeal, balancing between the significance of the courts' interference to assist in achieving justice when the arbitral tribunal conducts wrongly and issues an unjust award and the fact that the arbitral award shall be final and binding and that the intervention of courts shall be limited. In addition, it is inclusive as it deals with most aspects of the arbitral process in details leaving some aspects up to the discretionary power of the court. In this chapter, the significant aspects of the arbitral process are addressed in the light of 1996 Act. ... proceedings,9 the national court's power in supporting the arbitral process,10securing the attendance of witnesses,11 and enforcing arbitration awards.12 3. Arbitration Agreement The English Arbitration Act provides a simple and at the same time broad definition for the arbitration agreement by defining it as "an agreement to submit to arbitration present or future disputes (whether they are contractual or not)."13 With this broad definition, the English Act recognizes both types of the arbitration agreement; arbitration clause and submission agreement. Moreover, based on Section 6, the reference within an agreement between parties to a written arbitration clause or a document that includes an arbitration clause is considered an arbitration agreement between those parties "if the reference is such as to make that clause part of the agreement."14 However, although the English Act does not stipulate the explicitly of this reference, the approach of the English case law confirms the nec essity of such reference to be in unambiguous and clear words.15 3.1 The Formal condition for the arbitration agreement Under the 1996 Act, the only formal condition for the arbitration agreement to be submitted to the provisions of this Act is the condition of being written.16 This Act gives a broad interpretation as for the existence of this condition. It deems that the arbitration agreement is in writing if it is made via exchanging written communications,17 or if it is written but not signed whether by one or all parties.18 Similarly, when this agreement "is evidenced in writing"19 or there has been an oral agreement to arbitration between parties by referring to written terms.20 In addition, the 1996 Act is sufficient with the existence of this requirement whenever the arbitration

Strategic Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Strategic Supply Chain Management - Essay Example This has put nearly everyone’s job at a risk. No one knows for certainty how they will fare in the coming times or how the business will shape up due to its expanding horizons, changing market dynamics, economic upheavals, top management’s cozy attitude and so on. MultiChem Ltd might just hit the doldrums if it continues on this wave pattern and the laidback attitude that it has had for the past few years would not serve any real purpose behind its foundation as a laboratory producing small batches of chemicals for educational establishments, hospitals and private organizations. The tilt for bringing out the value proposition for the esteemed clients has started to change and that too in a very negative manner. The company has lost focus and just does not know what it wants to achieve and that too in unimaginable and non-calculated capacity. There is a great deal of soul searching which needs to be done if the results have to be positive by any stretch of imagination. MultiChem Ltd should remember the fact that it became a profitable business because it disseminated itself from the companies that produced large batches of chemicals and thus MultiChem Ltd was the only one within Central Europe which catered to the markets when the talk went out loud regarding the acquisition of small scale chemical batches. There was no other player in the market as such and if any cropped up on the scene, MultiChem Ltd had the funds and resources to buy out those organizations in a quick manner. This made the task of MultiChem Ltd pretty easy since it found out that the monopolizing factor within its business regimes has stayed for a long time and yet a sense of complacency made its way within the supply chain domains – indeed a quick recipe for disaster as far as MultiChem Ltd was concerned. The troubles started and that too from different angles. The focus was just not there and MultiChem Ltd knew

Power over Peoples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Power over Peoples - Essay Example Western Imperialism or ‘the expansion of Europe’ manifested itself in two phases: the Old Empires of the 16th century, and the New Imperialism of the mid 19th centuries. Technology counts as one of the major contributing factors to the success of the western imperialism mostly in the New Imperialism as it advantaged the Europeans and their associates, making them succeeded in controlling many states of the globe. They could travel over long seas in steamships and boats, travel and transport widely by use of railways, conquer more states because they had better armor, and lastly their development in medicine saw them withstand such in the different cultures they embarked on. Technology here refers to the extensive ability that humans can acquire from the use of environmental energy and materials in doing what the body cannot do on its own. When technology changes for the better, or advances, it is referred to as superior technology, superior in that it gives one powers mo re than nature, such as using a machine to travel farther, and faster. Technology favored the Western Imperialism as they had two main sources of innovation that is culture and the competitive nature of the West. Culture enabled them to rule over nature through scientific experiments and research. The competitiveness of the western states made each state to strive for gain of advantage over the other in a bid to control more of the outside world than other states. Historians have long tried to define some occurrence in the Western Imperialism without much success. The myth in it is that the New Imperialism spread so fast in less time, and was more successful than the Old Imperialism. Did the use of fast growing technology facilitate the success of the New Imperialism in a shorter time than did the Old Empires? In addition, did the impact of imperialism force the affected to react by innovating means of survival? From Chapter 1: Discovery and conquering of the Seas Headrick (2010) ex plains the mastering of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans, revealing that the move was not for exploration. Rather, it was due to the quest of religious, commercial, and military dominance over other cultures. He uses Portugal to elaborate the onset of nautical innovations that saw it rise to form an empire of the Indian Ocean. At first, it was so unlikely for Portugal to raise to such heights, owing to its approximate population of a million people, most of who were fishermen and farmers, and its lack of resources that made it a poor state. In addition, it appeared unstable because of its ever-in-war status with North African Muslims and the Castile (Headrick, 2010). However, they defied these odds and went on to acquire their empire status, a first in Europe, powered by some factors such as the urge of Christians to fight Muslims even after leaving Portugal that made them find means of pursuing them. Then there was the craving for gold and spices, both of which led to them inventing navigation and ships. To add to their success was Henry the Navigator, son of King John I, an explorer and soldier who trained people in map-making and navigation. He is responsible for the success of the Portuguese in sailing to the African West Coast to defeat the Muslims, spread Christianity, and establish new trade routes (Headrick, 2010). The English and Dutch later joined in exploring the Asian coasts and offered stiff

Distributed Systems Definitions

Distributed Systems Definitions Distributed Systems: There is always compromise when we use distributed systems. Being a distributed systems expertise means knowing the best compromise to make. There is no global clock. Distributed systems definition: A distributed systems is defined as a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as single coherent system. Software systems that operate on more than one computer Internet, Intranet. Mobile computing, Wireless and other modern technologies. Distributed Systems areas: Parallel computing Grid computing Cluster computing Distributed computing Motivation for distributed systems: Resources sharing Geographical and legacy reasons Flexibility Scalability Robustness Security System Design Distributed pervasive Systems Requirements for pervasive systems Wireless, small, battery powered Discover environment. Embrace contextual changes. Encourage ad hoc composition Recognize sharing as the default Personal space vs. shared space No central admin 1.Distributed Systems: A distributed systems is defined by collection of autonomous independent systems that shown to users as a single system via through network. The characteristics of distributed system are multiple autonomous components which are not all shared by the users. Resources cannot be shared to all the users. Software running on the system is concurrent on different processors. In which happened to be multiple point of control and multiple points of failure. Some common characteristics can be achieved using distributed systems resource sharing, openness, concurrency, scalability, fault tolerance, transparency. Types of distributed systems include distributed computing systems, distributed informative systems, distributed pervasive systems. 2.Transmission Control Protocol: Transmission Control Protocol totally depends on network connection to transfer data, TCP requires connection between client and server, It does like a three way handshake.   Host A sends a SYN to B, B sends a SYN and ACK and Host A sends a ACK to B then TCP connection is established. I used this as reference http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/tcp/3-way_handshake.shtml. 3.User Datagram Protocol: User Datagram protocol is connectionless. It does not check if the packets are received are not and there is no guaranteed connection. There is chance in packet loss during transmission,   more unreliable way to send data.   The advantage is speed and cost free. UDP mostly used in online gaming which uses more interaction and respond quickly from player, video streaming like YouTube, twitch 4.Lamport Bakery Algorithm: Lesile Lamports bakery algorithm is designed for the safety purpose of using shared resources between multiple threads by mutual exclusion.   There will be a global counter that displays the number threads being served. The remaining threads have to wait in the line. When the thread completes its process the next thread being served. There are some limitations in the analogy. Its is possible that more than one thread have same number and when they request it. Request cannot be provided So to clear this limitation each thread is provided with a priority. The priority is based on the lower value or higher value then thread will enter the critical section. Critical section: The critical section requires immediate attention access to resources and only be executed one thread at a time.   When a thread enters a critical section, Its has to have its turn and must have smallest number because in case the other threads have the same number the smallest will be executed first. 5.Remote Procedure Call(RPC): Remote procedure call is based on the client and server model. The client machine sends the data to the server machine based on request from user its is a synchronous operation that requires suspend the current program until the RPC is returned. Its a light weight process so multiple RPC can be performed concurrently. RPC Is like a function call, the calling arguments are passed through to the remote procedure and the caller waits for the response from the remote procedure. The RPC is made between two networked systems. A thread can be blocked until either a request or reply is arrived or it will time out. When the request is received the server will send a dispatch routine that performs the requested services and sends the client a reply. 6. Internet Protocols: Internet protocols are used for computer communication and also used to identify a computers address. An IP address as a 32 bit number and this called as IPV4 the development of IPV6 is predicted that depletion of available addresses. So IPV6 uses 128 bits for a address. IPV4 example 172.16.254.1 (IPV4) and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (IPv6). 7. Synchronization: Synchronization policy is not to go into deadlock condition. Consider multiple process tries to access resources which is in the distributed environment. The synchronization process is to handle all the requests from the process and assign them the resources based on the priority requested client and with pre-defined conditions synchronizing the clients with their request without going into deadlock condition. 8. Server: A server is a computer programs that runs in a computer or other computer and it provides other computer to connect through via network. A computer that usually runs server program are usually the server. If it run every time then it usually called the dedicated server. In client/server program the server program always waits and fulfills the client request. The few types of servers from other number of possibilities: Application Server: Its in the distributed networks that provide the business logic for an application program. Proxy Server: A proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between endpoint devices such as computer and a client and another server from which a user or client requesting a service. Virtual Server A virtual server is a program that usually runs on the shared server. The way it seems to each user that they have the complete control over the server. Policy Server: Policy server is a security component which has a policy based network that provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and control of files. 9. Client: A client is a computer that retrieves information from or users resources provided by the server or main computer. Web browsers are clients that connect to the web servers and retrieve web pages for display same as email clients and multiplayer video games. A client is a part of client-server architecture and client and servers are computer programs that may be run in the same computer and get connected to each other through Inter process communication (i[i) techniques through Internet sockets. There are different types of clients Fat client, Thin Client and Hybrid Client. Fat Client: A fat client is also said to be rich client which stores bulk number of data and does not rely on data processing operations itself. Thin Client: A thin client is a minimal sort of client. It requires resources from the host computer. It process data only provided by an application server. Hybrid Client: A hybrid client is combination of both fat and thin client. But relies on the server for storing the persistent data. Fat client supports (multimedia support, high performance) and thin client supports (high manageability, flexibility). 10. Bandwidth: Bandwidth is referred in bits, how many bits of data are transferred per second in a connection. Higher bandwidth often translates into high performance, although overall performance also depends on the other factors. Bandwidth can measured in units of bits per second(bps). 11. Synchronous and Asynchronous calls: A synchronous call can be defined by call opens a socket and waits for a response before closing the socket. Using synchronous calls server can waste resources, and can timeout. Such as running a server upgrade or downloading a big file. When using Asynchronous calls can be defined by, the client sends the request and then immediately a   response is sent to the specified callback server. A http 202 response is immediately returned from the HTTP connection that invoked the service. Asynchronous calls do not wait for a response to the close the socket. Once the service is complete, the response is sent to the specified callback server. 12. Gossip Protocol: A gossip protocol   is a method of communication now used in the modern days to spread message. This is epidemic protocol sometimes pronounced as gossip protocol where the gossips spread the information in a manner similar to virus spread. Most often distributed systems use gossip protocol to solve the mighty difficulty problems because the network might be huge, because gossip solutions are the easiest ones to spread the solutions. There are three prevailing types of Gossip protocols Dissemination Protocols: They basically work as a   flooding agents in the network. It produces the worst case loads: Event dissemination protocols: It uses high latency to report events. Gossips occurs periodically and the events dont trigger any gossip. Background data dissemination Protocols: Constantly gossip about the information associated with the participating nodes. Latency isnt a concern Anti-entropy protocols: Anti-entropy protocols are used to repair the replicate the data. By comparing the replicas and reconciling differences. Protocols that computes aggregates: These compute the network-wide aggregates by sampling the information at the nodes in the network and combing the values to arrive at a system-wide value- The largest value for some measurement nodes are making, the smallest etc. The key requirement is that the aggregate must be computable by fixed-size pair wise information exchanges; these typically terminate the after a number rounds of information exchange logarithmic in the system size. 13. Network Address Translation Network address Translation (NAT) is the virtualization of internet protocol addresses. NAT is a process of remapping the IP address space into one another by modifying the network information in internet protocol. The technique was originally used to improve security and decrease the number of IP addresses an organization needs. The more advanced implementations used in NAT are the Ip masquerading. Ip masquerading is also form of NAT which allows the internal computers with no known address outside their networks, to communicate to the outside. 14. Middleware: Middleware is defined as the software layer that is between the operating system and system applications and it can be found in both client and server machines.   When two computers are getting communicated the middle ware hides the information of both computers to one another. The middleware also acts as a bridge between the client and server.   The middleware allows the client and server to communicate with each other so that there arent any issues such as incompatible OS, programs. 15. DHCP: DHCP (Dynamic host configuration protocol) is a client/server protocol. There is a DHCP server that will dynamically distribute network configuration parameters. It assigns the IP address to the network dynamically. When a client connects to a network, the DHCP clients sends a broadcast request a information. DHCP manages a pool of IP addresses and information about the client such as default gateway, domain name, name servers. A DHCP server can assign a new address whenever it wants based on administrator assignment policies. DHCP server have three methods of allocating IP address: 1) Dynamic allocation 2) Automatic allocation 3) Manual Allocation 16.Inter-process communication: Inter process communication is interfaces that allow programmer to coordinate activates among different program processes that can run concurrently in a an operating system. This allows program to handle many user requests at the same time. The single request may lead to multiple process running on this situation process needs to communicate each other. So IPC interfaces will take care. 17.Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless technology was designed in 1994 by Ericsson. Bluetooth uses UHF radio waves which covers a short distances of ISM band from 2.4 Ghz to 2.485 Ghz. It was the wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum. Data is getting divided into packets and transmits each packets to designated Bluetooth channels. The channels bandwidth is of 1MHz. A Bluetooth device can connect up to maximum of 7 devices. It switches rapidly from one to another using a round robin scheduling algorithm. 18.One time pad: One time pad is an encryption technique. In this technique the actual message is converted into binary form and data is padded with extra new random binary bits the logic is implemented along with it. When the process is done we should be having a new binary bits which is no longer similar to the original message or the padded bits. These bits are padded using XOR binary operator. The padding bits has to lengthy so decrypting will take a time. If its too short the padding can be easily decrypted. 19.Authorization:

Fossil Fuels and the Environment: :: Envrionmental Pollution Essays

Fossil Fuels and the Environment Ever since I was a little girl I’ve been watching cartoon shows like Captain Planet, which talked about pollution and the earth. I didn’t really understand what they were talking about then and its sad to say that only recently have a grasped the true message of the show. As kids and adolescents were mostly told to recycle, it wasn’t until college that I acquired a broader perspective on the subject of preserving the environment. Fossil fuels are an indispensable part of human survival. However, from beginning to end this process leaves many scars on the planet. In the process of extracting coal for example, we destroy the top soil of the earth. Before the environmental acts, the holes where the excavation was performed were left uncovered, creating acid lakes from the iron pyrite left behind. End use produces pollutants from combustion, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxide (SOX and NOX), particulate matter (ROX), and carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons (UHC). These pollutants, either separately or in combination with one another, are responsible for smog in the ozone, acid rain, and The Greenhouse Effect. Now comes the interesting part. The earth gets the majority of its heat from the radiation of the sun. Most of this heat should be radiated into space, yet this process is being obstructed by the amount of CO2 and other gases. While researching for this subject I also came across the problem of deforestation. Scientists say, since temperature changes could affect major climate patterns, alter species’ habitats, and have other unknown consequences. The melting of the polar Ice caps is the biggest cause for worry at the moment. Rising temperatures have a dramatic impact on Arctic ice, which serves as a kind of "air conditioner" at the top of the world. Since 1978 Arctic sea ice area has shrunk by some 9 percent per decade, and thinned as well. Climate models suggest that global warming could cause more frequent extreme weather conditions. Intense hurricanes and storm surges could threaten coastal communities, while heat waves, fires and drought could also become more common. Reading this information causes trepidation particularly because of the abnormal amount of Hurricanes that we suffered through this year. This only proves that global warming is real and a bigger threat than we might have envision ed. As mentioned before the earth receives most of it heat form the sun, at least 32% of it is reflected back by the ice caps.

Types of Relationships

Human relationships have always perplexed me. These seemingly simple bonds between people can amount to so much and cause such commotion that lives change drastically within minutes in these relationships. Especially in the fast changing world of today. In my piece I am going to be telling you about the three types of relationships I see taking place. Over time, I have asked myself three questions, finding the answers along the way, which is what I will be explaining to you. To begin, how much does one compromise on self-gratification for the sake of commitment? Or should one compromise at all in the name of love? Finally, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? To start off, how much does one compromise on self gratification for the sake of commitment? What I have seen in regards to this scenario is basically to satisfy parents or tradition. This basically comes hard for the person making the compromise mainly because even though they may be happy, they are just not in that totally-in-love state and as a whole, not fully in the relationship. In such a relationship the person who has made the compromise is just in the relationship in a lost state where the other person is there trying to take it further and make it work whereas just being in it for maintaining it sake. The person making the compromise I would say is robbing themselves their true love as well as the other person involved. Why have someone love you and want so much from a bond when you can’t seem to find the zeal for it as well? It makes no sense to spin a top in mud; it only brings hurt in years to come. This type of relationship can be seen in families of wealth and good economic status. Secondly, should one compromise at all in the name of love? My answer to this is NO! This really makes no sense and ends up just hurting the other person badly. It’s like a slap in the face saying that you have just played with them for so long. The other person would just take it as thought you were there to satisfy and act out the role of being in a bond. Compromising in the name love is just wrong to do; whatever the circumstances. This sort of actions you would find in arranged marriages and usually it is the female that has to make this compromise and suffer. A classic example of this type of relationship can be seen in arranged marriages in Indian families, but these are not limited for Indian families in India; these can still be seen in American or other parts of the world where Indian or Muslim families reside. Only true love can set them free of this compromise but it just ends up in a big blunder because it would create a lot of friction and pose a lot of questions. When someone truly loves, they expect to have it back in return. Not an act. Lastly, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? This to me is a sad thing but also a happy thing when it is dealt with maturely and with much understanding. Regarding my earlier points; imagine in this compromise that is made. It takes a true person to understand when love is found outside a relationship by the compromising partner. Although the other party is strongly in love with this person, they would understand that this was not their love story after all and should be happy that their partner found theirs. Yes it is a sad thing to happen in a relationship, but when one understands the meaning of true love only then they can let go without any qualms. In conclusion I would just like to let you know that in these relationships listed above really toys’ with emotions and in somewhat way sets people free to truly love. So next time a relationship hinders your way I urge yourself to ask yourself the questions I explained or even more ask yourself while you are in it. How much does one compromise on self-gratification for the sake of commitment? Or should one compromise at all in the name of love? Finally, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? I assure you if you can analyze these three questions of relationship, you would indeed have a good approach and grasp on your commitment.

NEGATIVE REVIEWS

NEGATIVE REVIEWS Okay, lets talk about this. Ive been watching people run rampant across the web, in various writers groups, talking about negative reviews. Yes, they are devastating to writers. Yes, they can make you mad and crave to strike back. You will never please every reader. Someone will eventually think you are absolutely stupid for what you wrote. Your characters were two-dimensional. The plot never made a valid point. The setting was mundane. The red herrings were too obvious. The romance too cheezy . . . predictable, shallow, poorly written, etc. And yes, these people have a right to leave a review. You chose to present your work to the public. Do you think nobody will have an opinion on it? Of course you want four- and five-star reviews. Maybe they made a mistake in the review, like saying your setting was New Hampshire instead of Vermont. Maybe they thought it was a mystery when it was a romance. Maybe they prefer literary and got a commercial sci-fi, and are frustrated they wasted their time. They may have confused the title to mean one topic, then the book took off in another direction. But even if they did not read the entire book, they are entitled to an opinion. There are horror stories abounding these days, where naysaying groups are banding together to bash bad writing Lets just stop here and say that we should treat each other with respect. I have a few iffy reviews. No, I did not chastise them, just as I hope nobody would chastise me for any review I left. Lets try to be professional. Lets try not to toss comments out there anonymously. Lets struggle to post our best work and leave our best reviews. And lets hold our tongues if we dont like what someone else has said. Its so tempting to throw out too-quick remarks on the Web. Publishing and writing is difficult enough as it is without us fueling the fire of negative commentary. But . . . we do owe authors the courtesy of a review. No, Im not pandering for reviews. Ive been as negligent as anyone in reading a book and moving on. Now, I try to make a point to pick my stars and leave comments at Amazon or Goodreads, if for no other reason than to thank the author for spending so much time and effort to put yet another book out there for the reading public.

Explain How Brazil is Protecting its Rainforests essays

Explain How Brazil is Protecting its Rainforests essays The Amazons rainforest has an immense natural resource. It can provide timber and a large range of plants, food crops and medicines. The forest also has a significant effect on the Worlds weather. It is also home to hundreds of thousands of distinctive wildlife species. Nevertheless, the government has a responsibility to bring development to the 14 million people who live in the Brazilian Amazon and to find ways of getting better lives for all the individuals by using its recourses wisely. All the industrialising countries have accomplished their success in this way. According to figures published by the World Bank in 1988,it was known that 12% of the Amazon had been cleared. The Brazilian National Space Research Institute reached a worse approximation of 5%. A figure, which was reached by the NASA (the US space agency) mentioned that the forest is being cleared at only 0.3% each year. This is a smaller amount than the rate of forests being cleared in the United States. I think that it is easy for people like us, who live outside Brazil to imagine that the forest is being destroyed and no one is able to do anything about it. Thankfully some important steps have been taken in recent years to try to protect the rainforests. In 1987, the Polamazonia programme for setting up development areas in the Amazon was suspended. Then in 1988 the Brazilian Constitution emphasized the need to protect the environment. Then the year after that, development towards protection was being done. A programme named the Nossa Natureza which means our nature recognized a Natural Environment Fund. The Institute backs this programme for Environmental and Renewable Resources (IBAMA) in this same year tax inducement for agriculture and livestock developments in the Amazon was suspended. 6 years later, in 1995, all companies using wood as raw material or energy source had to get their ma...

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic - Assignment Example Schematic diagrams of pharmacokinetic model that distinguishes oral versus transmucosal absorption and how the whole process works is presented below, iIn figure 1 Lozenge level is higher than in figure 2. Folates in human beings form a group of water-soluble vitamins B that have similar chemical structures to folic acid and are vital for methionine and nucleotide biosynthesis. Low folate status has been associated with altered DNA methylation, which may affect gene expression, and uracil-induced genomic instability which may result into an increased cancer risk. Pharmacokinetics has a component of vitamin C recommendable for diet allowance. The study has found it that the oral vitamin C has potential for use as a non-toxic, sustainable, therapeutic agent. The amount of vitamin C required for good health represents a challenging aspect of scientific nutrition. The oral vitamin D supplements are well-absorbed from the small intestine amongst human beings. The presence of bile is necessary for absorption of vitamin D which is related to serum proteins and is widely distributed throughout the body. It is stored primarily in the liver and fat. Both forms of vitamin D are inactive and must undergo conversion in the liver and kidneys to form biologically active compounds. Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are hydroxylated by hepatic microsomal enzymes to 25 (OH) D. Further conversion of this intermediate form in the kidneys produces the physiologically active form, of dihydroxyvitamin D. Although it is not the biologically active form, the intermediate form, 25 (OH)D, is used to assess vitamin D status since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels do not typically decrease until clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency have become severe. The maximum clinical response typically occurs approximately a month after therapy has been initiated.

The Human Life Cycle Stages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Human Life Cycle Stages - Essay Example The human being begins as a single cell is achieved after the fertilization between a female cell and a male cell. As the human cells specialize and duplicate into parts of the body, this period takes nine months in a woman after then the infant is born (Bellamy 42). This stage is different from the fact that before the infant is born a woman has to nine months because there are some infants who are born with seven, eight and others nine months. The infants who are born with less than nine months appear to have problems mentally, physically while others continue with the associated problems throughout their lifetime. In the real sense, the greatest percentage does not survive, and if they do their lifespan is not that long (Rufus). Infancy is the second stage in life after which the baby is totally dependent upon his or her parents for food, movement from one place to another, bathing, and of course changing. The infant is referred to as the troublesome toddler. In this stage, proper protection is given to the baby since this is the time the infant will develop some sounds (Kalman 34). On the other hand, the infant can be born after the normal nine months, but the infant will take a long time without the development of any sound. Biologically this is due to disabilities which originate from the growth of the infant, where in some cases the infant ends up stammering, late development of the sound or never develops any of the sounds in his or her full lifetime (Bogin 68). Childhood is the next step in the infancy where the child is in the ages between 3 to 10 years. This is the stage that the child runs how to make some movements from one place to another, development of teeth, and development in the growth of body size. The brain starts developing since the child can now play with objects, other children can run and can make decisions over certain issues, which he or she comes across (Bobbie 78). The stage is characterized by the complete pronunciation of the words and then the child is taken to school for the advancement of knowledge.